Advances in Research on Glass-based Bone Cement
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The development of bone cement has experienced several stages, from polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) bone cement, calcium phosphate cement(CPC) to glassbased bioactive bone cement(GBC). In this period, the mechanical and bioactive properties of bone cement was improved and its application was developed. In this article the latest research in bone cement, particularly, glassbased bone cement is introduced. The factors that affected the property is discussed and the possible future advances in this field is pointed out.Keywords:
Polymethyl methacrylate
Bone cement
Calcium phosphate cement
Bioactive Glass
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Morphology
Bone cement
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Abstract We have developed a bioactive bone cement consisting of silane‐treated CaOSiO 2 P 2 O 5 CaF 2 glass powder as the filling particles and bisphenol‐ a ‐glycidyl methacrylate (BIS‐GMA) diluted with triethylene‐glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) as the organic matrix. Histological examination demonstrated direct bonding between the cement and bone along the circumference of the cement at 4 weeks after implantation in rat tibia. The compressive strength and toughness of the cement were two and four times greater than those of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement, respectively. The inflammatory reaction of the skin caused by the new cement was not as intense as that for PMMA 3 days after subcutaneous implantation. This new cement may be applicable as a bioactive bone cement with high mechanical strength. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Bone cement
Triethylene glycol
Glycidyl methacrylate
Bioactive Glass
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Bone cement
Shrinkage
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Objective To explore the effect of β-TCP to the microstructure of glass based bioactive bone cement. Me-thods The β-TCP was prepared through the method of solid state reaction by using dicalcium phosphote and calcium carbonate as starting materials. The composite bone cement which was made up of β-TCP and glass based bioactive bone cement was immersed in the simulated body fluid and its microstructure and morphology were investigated. Results The results demonstrate that full-fledged, high pure β-TCP can be prepared by the method of wet pulverizing and solid state reaction, that the porous bone cement can be prepared by the degradation of β-TCP in the composite bone cement. Conclusion Addition of β-TCP and apparent porosity of the bone cement is increased, the bulk density will decrease.
Bone cement
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In the coming decades, the need for reconstructive surgery of bones is predicted to increase with the ageing of the population as well as the increase of injuries needing traumatologic treatments. Therefore, there is still a constant search for tissue engineering and bone substitute materials. Xenografts, synthetic hydroxyapatitite, bioactive glasses and other bone substitutes have widely been studied. When bone defects are filled using bioceramics in granules, their utilization is limited to small size defects, because the injected granules do not give immediate support against the biomechanical loading of the bone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preliminary biomineralization and the compression strength of experimental injectable bone cements modified with calcium ceramics. Our studies have focused on the development of injectable composites of bone cements, i.e. in situ curable resin systems containing impregnated Ca ceramics. The polymerized bone cement composites aspire to simulate as closely as possible the mechanical and structural properties properties of bone. The present compressive strength of our inorganic-organic bone cements are >65 up to ~180 MPa. These cements are slightly porous from their outermost surface and showed preliminarily osteoconductivity of some degree.
Biocompatibility
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Advancement in nanoscience and biotechnology of bone materials and cement has been increasing over the past several decades. The combination of biomaterials with trace elements for bone cement has verified their better mechanical strength and biocompatibility response. Also, the ionic replacement has affected the chemical, physical and biological properties of the substance. Pyrophosphate has supported better absorption of calcium phosphates (CaPs) and bone formation. Bone cement is the ionomer of an important material in tooth repair application used in the tooth filling, tooth cover, and to fix adhesions of the tooth and crown. Nanoparticle additives (magnesium oxide (MgO), hydroxyapatite (HA), chitosan (CH), barium sulfate and silica) and alternate monomers can be effective with Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) granules and methyl methacrylate monomers (MMAs) to decrease the isothermal temperature. These materials can be used for the growth and development of bone cements. This paper aims to demonstrate a general and different view of the applications of CaP, PMMA, glass ionomer and bone repair cements in various methods under different experiments procedure.
Glass ionomer cement
Biocompatibility
Bone cement
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Filler (materials)
Bone cement
Bioactive Glass
Matrix (chemical analysis)
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Bone cement
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Acrylic bone cements are used to fix joint replacements to bone. The main substance in acrylic bone cement is biologically inert poly(methylmethacrylate), PMMA. The dense PMMA polymer structure of cement does not allow bone ingrowth into cement. Therefore, the main focus of our studies is to modify acrylic bone cement in order to improve its biological properties e.g., by creating porosity in the cement matrix. The porous structure is in situ created using pore-generating filler (i.e., 20 wt% of an experimental biodegradable polyamide) that is incorporated in acrylic bone cement. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the biomineralization of acrylic bone cement modified using an experimental biodegradable polyamide.
Bone cement
Filler (materials)
Acrylic polymer
Acrylic resin
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