Analysis of hydrochemical characteristics and distribution of fluoride ion in groundwater at Lindian County
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The distribution law of fluoride ions in groundwater in Daqing City, Lindian County,is discussed.The hydrochemical statistical analysis method and hydrochemical simulation model were used to reveal the generation mechanism.The results were as follows:(1) The groundwater with high fluoride concentration was mostly alkalescent water of TDS,and main water chemistry type is the Na-Mg or Na-Ca type.Fluoride content had a certain correlation with the proportions of the main ions in the groundwater.(2) The accumulation of fluorin ions in the groundwater of the unconfined aquifer was mainly due to the cation exchange and evaporation,but the main formation mechanism of the fluorin ions in the confined aquifer was fluorin mineral dissolution.Topics:
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To identify the main geochemical processes controlling the fluoride enrichment in groundwater at Datong Basin,total of thirty-one samples were collected for hydrochemical and factor analysis study.High fluoride concentration was detected in both shallow and deep groundwater.In shallow groundwater,the fluoride concentration ranges from 0.01 to 10.37 mg/L,while deep groundwater has lower fluoride concentration,ranging from 0.01 to 3.14 mg/L.High fluoride groundwater is typically Na-HCO3 type water and characterized by high Na concentration.The saturation indices calculated by PHREEQC indicate that fluorite is undersaturated in almost all groundwater samples,meaning that the fluoride concentration in groundwater is mainly controlled by fluorite solubility.Factor analysis indicates that processes including water-rock interaction,carbonate mineral precipitation and cation exchange are the dominant factors for the occurrence of high fluoride groundwater in Datong Basin.
Fluorite
Carbonate minerals
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Total dissolved solids
Environmental isotopes
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Halite
Total dissolved solids
Carbonate minerals
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Factor analysis is useful for interpreting commonly collected groundwater quality data and relating those data to specific hydrogeologic process. Twenty two groundwater quality samples collected from wells in the second confined layer of Suzhou City were analyzed for major dissolved constituents by factor analysis. Correlations among 11 hydrochemical parameters are statistically examined. Three main factors which explain over 75.01% of the total groundwater quality variation are recognized. Factor 1, composed of concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, Fe2+, CO2, Mn2+ and pH, represents the influence of water‐rock interaction on groundwater quality. Factor 2, composed of concentrations of NH4+ and COD, reflects the impact of reductive organic rich environment on groundwater chemical compositions. Factor 3 including concentration of Na+ shows the effect of cation exchange on groundwater quality.
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Fluorite
Silicate minerals
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Pollution-induced water shortage problems have severely hindered the economic development of Kashi Prefecture in Xinjiang. In order to study the chemical characteristics and main ion sources of groundwater in the Kashgar River Delta of Western Kashi Prefecture, 402 groundwater samples and 114 groundwater hydrogen and oxygen isotope samples were collected and tested in June to October 2016. Based on the methods of mathematical statistics, Gibbs diagram, ion ratio, Schoeller diagram, and hydrogeochemical simulation, the hydrogeochemical characteristics of the groundwater were analyzed, and the hydrochemical evolution law and the main ion sources were discussed. The following results were noted. ①SO42- was the main anion in the groundwater, followed by Cl-. Na+ was the main cation, and the groundwater was mainly SO4·Cl-Na type. ②The groundwater ion components were controlled by dissolution of rocks and evaporation. The groundwater ions were mainly derived from the dissolution of evaporites, followed by the dissolution of carbonates. Unconfined groundwater in the river alluvium plain was affected by evaporation, and the confined groundwater was affected by reverse cation exchange and mixing. ③Along the groundwater flow direction, the concentration of ion components in the groundwater increased. Halite, dolomite, and gypsum were dissolved, and calcite was precipitated.
Halite
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To investigate the chemical characteristics of groundwater and material sources in a typical karst hill (valley) depression, 41 groundwater samples were systematically collected in the Shiqi River basin. The statistical analysis of the conventional ion content in the groundwater shows that pH of the groundwater in the study area is between 6.06-8.07, the total solid solubility is between 18.21 mg ·L-1 and 336.28 mg ·L-1, and the charges of anions and cations in the water body are balanced. Ca2+, Mg2+, and HCO3- are the main ions in groundwater, with concentrations of 2.61-108.7 mg ·L-1, 0.54-27.61 mg ·L-1, and 8.1-370.74 mg ·L-1, respectively. The groundwater characteristics in the study area are consistent with the high calcium and weak alkalinity characteristics of karst water. By using the Gibbs diagram, piper diagram, end-member analysis, and ion proportional coefficient, hydrochemical characteristics and material sources of groundwater were further analyzed. The results show that Ca2+ and Mg2+ are mainly controlled by the weathering of limestone and dolomite in which carbonic acid is involved. Na+ mainly comes from the dissolution of silicate rocks. At the same time, Ca2+ and Na+ undergo cationic exchange adsorption in the groundwater flow process. K+, Cl-, and NO3- are mainly affected by agricultural fertilizer application and domestic wastewater discharge. The hydrogen and oxygen isotope analysis of groundwater shows that atmospheric precipitation is the main recharge source of groundwater in this region, which impacts the chemical characteristics and material sources of local groundwater. The results of this study show that the geological background of groundwater is the main factor that affects its hydrochemical characteristics and material sources in areas with relatively little anthropogenic activity.
Alkalinity
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Shuangliao City is an important part of the Xiliaohe Plain, and one of the most important bases of grain production in the north of China. Therefore, it is important to ascertain the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater and their causes and evolution laws in the Xiliaohe Plain to provide guidance to agriculture development and ecological improvement. After collection of detailed data and identification of the groundwater flow field, we studied the causes and evolution of the identified hydrochemical types by zone with mathematical statistics, correlation analysis, ion proportional coefficient and other methods. The results show that the concentrations of HCO3-, Cl-, and Na+ are relatively high, and these of Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, and NO3- are relatively low. The concentration of TDS increases gradually along the flow direction of groundwater, and TDS is positively correlated to the variation in concentration of Cl-, Na+, Mg2+, and SO42-. Along the flow direction of groundwater, the hydrochemistry of shallow groundwater show the evolution law from HCO3-Ca·Mg to HCO3·Cl-Na·Ca and HCO3·Cl-Na·Mg, and then to Cl·HCO3-Na·Mg. The hydrochemical types are formed mainly due to the mineral dissolution and deposition, and reaction of cation exchange and adsorption in the aquifer, and the hydrogeochemical processes include leaching, evaporation and concentration, and mixing.
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Hydrochemical monitoring data of about 20 years and chemical analyses of groundwater samples collected in 2002 and 2003 in Beihai are analyzed and classified with methods of hydrochemical diagrams and Q-cluster analysis.The results show that groundwater in the northern part of the study area is mainly of Ca·Na-HCO3 type and the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater exhibit the effects of infiltration and dissolution of precipitation.Groundwater in the southern area is mainly of Na-Cl or Na·Ca-Cl type and the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater follow a forward-hydrochemical evolution.Under natural conditions the ground-water in Beihai is characterized by low total dissolved solids(TDS)and low pH.The low TDS of groundwater is attributed to low TDS of rainwater,low contents of soluble salts in the aquifer media,quick water circulation and a long term of dissolution of the groundwater system.
Rainwater Harvesting
Infiltration (HVAC)
Total dissolved solids
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The Harzandat plain is part of the East Azarbaijan province, which lies between Marand and Jolfa cities, northwestern of Iran, and its groundwater resources are developed for water supply and irrigation purposes. For hydrogeological consideration and optimum management of groundwater resources a mathematical model as an efficient and economical tool was prepared. In order to evaluate the quality of groundwater in study area, 36 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for various parameters. Chemical indexes like sodium adsorption ratio, percentage of sodium, residual sodium carbonated, permeability index (PI) and chloroalkaline indexes were calculated. Based on the analytical results, groundwater in the area is generally very hard, brackish, high to very high saline and alkaline in nature. The abundance of the major ions is as follows: Cl> HCO3 > SO4 and Na>Ca>Mg>K. The dominant hydrochemical facieses of groundwater is Na-Cl type and alkalis (Na, K) and strong acids (Cl, SO4) are slightly dominating over alkali earths(Ca, Mg) and weak acids(HCO3,CO3). The chemical quality of groundwater is related to the lithology of the area and the residence time of the groundwater in contact with rock materials. The results of calculation saturation index by computer program PHREEQC shows that the nearly all of the water samples were supersaturated with respect to carbonate minerals and undersaturated with respect to sulfate minerals. Assessment of water samples from various methods indicated that groundwater in study area is chemically unsuitable for drinking and agricultural uses.
Sodium adsorption ratio
Alkalinity
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