Study on Speeding up Ecological Building of Soil and Water Conservation in the Loess Plateau
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The problems of low effective control and slow improvement of total ecological environment are existed in the prevention and control of soil and water loss in the Loess Plateau. In order to effectively prevent and control soil and water loss of that area, we should well conduct capital construction on farmland of dam system, select kinds of trees depending on precipitation and natural rehabilitation and take a way of combination of comprehensive management and industrial development by taking a small watershed as a management unit. The appropriate countermeasures are as follows: To establish and amplify decision-making agencies for comprehensive management, to work out a scientific and unified plan of soil and water conservation, to expand financing channels and to establish a monitoring system of laws and regulations.Keywords:
Loess plateau
Natural Capital
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According to the situation of Shanxi's soil and water loss,this paper analyzes on the problems of the latent capacity,technical measures and environmental effect of the water and soil conservation and ecological restoration,and draws conclusion from the analysis and comparison of river basin's improvement effects that the ecological environment of the hilly areas of the loess plateau in northwestern Shanxi has been damaged seriously,but the vegetation is still exists,adopting the proper protective measures can probably recover the local plant communities relying on the natural forces.And in order to achieve the goal of improvement and ecological restoration,the percentage of the vegetation coverage must be recovered up to 40% or more.
Restoration Ecology
Loess plateau
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The key water project of Yaojiashan was constructed for power generation,flood control and irrigation.Yaojiashan water project played an important role in solving energy structure problem in the countryside,improving the eco-environment in Liaoning mountainous areas as well as people's living standard and promoting the economic growth and greenhouse energy development.Effective measurements of preventing and controling water and soil loss were adopted to protect the main project and solve soil erosion problem after the construction of water project.Programs of soil and water conservation were put forward with the quantitative and qualitative prediction methods,which was important to the improvement of environmental quality and the construction of water project.
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Based on an overall plan of ecological environment construction of soil and water conservation of Yueyang county to control soil and water losses and its conservating improvement are dissussed and to utilize water and soil resources rationally and uphold better soil productive forces and its countermeasures are also analysed.The approach to improve soil productive forces and its countermeasures are presented.
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Based on analysing the changeable conditions of water and soil loss,it is proved that the frequent flood of watershed is mainly due to water and soil loss.Some ecological environment countermeasures of Xin River water and soil conservation are presented,such as the following suggestions:to publicize strongly importance of protecting ecological environment;to improve ecological environment;to cultivate vegetation resources and to conserve water and soil.Some plans are made that watershed flood control engineering system is finished and rebuild beautiful environment in three or five years.
Flood control
Constructive
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Water is the most active ecological element in the ecosystems of the Loess Plateau.Water plays a decisive role in the desertification and its reverseprocess,i.e.ecological rehabilitation.Ecological water consumption should be capable of preventing the ecological environments from further deterioration and gradually increasing surface water and underground water necessary for water consumption.In the ecologically fragile regions,the first important principle for ecological protection is that ecological water consumption should be first satisfied and in this way the ecological balance can be kept from further deterioration.Water-environment evolution and water-movement patterns of the ecosystems in the Loess Plateau are discusse,several viewpoints about how to make proper use of water resources,how to select the kinds of plants for vegetation rehabilitation,and how to maintain sustainable use of water resources are given.
Desertification
Loess plateau
Balance of nature
Water balance
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From the point of view of realizing the sustainable socio-economic development in loess plateau,this paper discusses the definition of the eco-environmental water demand and the framework for computing eco-environmental water demand in loess plateau,aiming at sustainable development of eco-environment.Taking Jinghe river basin in loess plateau as an example,the average yearly ecological water ewquirement for soil conservation measures is estmated as 6.5368×10~8m~3 in 1970-1996.The research not only enriches the theory of the eco-environmental water demand,but also provides a scientific basis for the eco-environmental construction and the exploitation and utilization of water resources.
Loess plateau
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The loss of soil and water is a main factor to lead to ecological environment worsened and a main feature of ecological environment worsening also. The sandy, desert and stone of land is an evil consequence of soil erosion to destroy soil and land resource. The soil itself is a huge reservoir, it is lost largely, its water content and total storage is reduced afterwards, that causes agricultural drought or flood disaster. The soil and water conservation is a main project of ecological system construction. During the development of western areas, we should implement Law of Soil and Water Conservation and laws regulations related to ecological environment construction strictly to ensure ecological safety of development.
Soil functions
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To make good work in soil and water conservation is the base for sustainable development of economy and society of western China because soil conservation is the main body in ecological environment construction. It is required from ecological environment construction and western China development that turning cultivated farmland into forest and grassland should be enhanced in the Yangtze River basin, and prevent artificial soil and water loss according lawfully and strengthen overall supervision and law enforcement in soil and water conservation. All society and departments should participate in soil and water conservation, and soil conservation departments must make best efforts in professional administration. It is suggested that soil and water conservation publicity should be continuously strengthened, exemplary projects and soil conservation monitoring network should be well established to lay a good foundation for overall monitoring and supervision.
Yangtze river
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According to the predication results of the construction and production processes of Shiyaodian coal mine,aiming at the existing problems of soil and water conservation and ecological restoration in the construction and production stages,the prevention and control regions of soil and water erosion are divided into five regions including the prevention and control region of industry area,rehabilitation region of dreg disposal area,the prevention and control region of transportation system,the prevention and control region of off-site linear construction,the prevention and control region of sink area due to first coal mining based on the investigation information.According to the characteristics of soil and water erosion in the different prevention and control regions and the differences of the growth site conditions of different vegetation, the corresponding soil and water conservation engineering measures and ecological vegetation measures are proposed.The implementation and construction of these mentioned soil and water conservation measures may be of great importance for strengthening soil and water conservation in mining area,prevention of destroy of ecological environment,harmonious development between human and the nature,as well as the sustainable development of the production and construction of Shiyaodian Coal Mine
Erosion Control
Restoration Ecology
Sink (geography)
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There are complicated categories of soil and water loss in the loess plateau region,such as natural factors and artificial factors,and annual variation of hydraulic,wind power and gravity.At the same time,arid climate and water scarcity have became the greatest obstacle to plant growth and eco-environment improvement.In the process of west development,a good eco-environment is a sign of subsistence and development and a well-off society.Based on suggestions of the eleventh five-year-plan,in accordance with the principles of ecological rehabilitation,analysis the importance of the loess plateau,the status of ecology construction and economic development are discussed,puts forward some proposals according to conditions.
Loess plateau
Scarcity
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