Study on River Characteristics of Hydrogeometric Relation and Roughness Coefficient in Reservoirs
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Based on the observed data,the characteristics of hydraulic geometry forms of delta river channel in reservoirs,ripples and dunes evolving,flow resistance change,and water temperature influencing flow resistance are analyzed.Based on the past studying results,the formulas between the resistances of dunes,total resistances,resistances of icing period and intensity of stream flow are established.At last,by examining the observed data of river bed forms and resistances of a reservoir,these formulas are satisfactory.Keywords:
Hydraulic resistance
Hydraulic roughness
Flow resistance
Intensity
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Paper presents initial results of flume study of alluvial channels; detailed classification of regimes of flow, forms of bed roughness, and basic concepts pertaining to resistance to flow; description of experimental equipment and procedure; criteria for washout of dunes and for decrease of resistance to flow; hysteresis observed at changes in dune bed.
Flume
Flow resistance
Hydraulic roughness
Hysteresis
Alluvial fan
Flow conditions
Washout
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Field and experimental evidence are presented to demonstrate the importance of the inflow of sand and gravel size sediments on resistance to flow in channels whose beds are primarily cobbles, rocks, and boulders. The released sediments fill the spaces between the larger roughness elements, forcing the channel to behave as a sand bed channel at a much reduced resistance to flow coefficient. Resistance to flow in these channels decreases, resulting in underestimations of:(1)Water discharge by a factor of two; (2)sediment discharge by a factor ranging between 8 and 64; and (3)velocity of flow by a factor of two. Failure to estimate these quantities with a reasonable degree of accuracy results in the following: (1)Underestimation of the actual quantity of available water; (2)improper selection of bank protection material; (3)overestimation of reservoir life; (4)unsafe design of scour depths at hydraulic structures; (5)improper design of location; location and (6)others relating to river control and development.
Cobble
Flow resistance
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Field studies and laboratory experiments in large recirculating flume have established that resistance to flow and sediment transport in alluvial channels are related to form of bed roughness; forms of roughness can be divided into lower and upper regimes of flow on basis of their shape, resistance to flow, and sediment transport; possible relationship that may prove useful in predicting configuration of bed is introduced.
Flume
Hydraulic roughness
Flow resistance
Bedform
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Citations (190)
Ripple marks
Hydraulic roughness
Tidal current
Bedform
Beach morphodynamics
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ABSTRACT The knowledge about the hydraulic geometric parameters viz. width, depth and area of the river at the bankful discharge are required for solving a variety of problems related to river training, location of bridges and navigation. Further, the resistance offered to the flow by the boundary and air—water interface needs to be known in order to predict the average velocity of flow. This paper describes the results of the analysis of all the available gravel-bed river data, which has resulted in methods for the prediction of width, depth, area and the flow velocity or resistance coefficient.
Flow resistance
Hydraulic resistance
River bed
Discharge coefficient
Hydraulic structure
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Keywords FLOW, WATER, RIVERS, MODELS, BEDS, RESISTANCE, SURFACE, FRICTION, DEVIATION, VARIATIONS, MODELLING... Show All
Flow resistance
Scale model
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Cobble
Sedimentation
Deposition
Flow conditions
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Citations (9)
A method of estimating the bed-material discharge of sand-bed flumes, canals, and rivers is presented. The method uses a group of curves developed from flume data that relate intensity of transport, intensity of shear, and the median fall diameter of the bed material. Also, these curves illustrate that the intensity of transport varies with regime of flow and form of bed roughness. Application of the method yields good results for sand-bed channels when the depth of flow is less than 4 ft.
Flume
Intensity
Hydraulic roughness
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The flow resistance in terms of the friction factor for bank-full or high in-bank flows for 120 high-gradient gravel-bed rivers are examined. The friction factor f was divided into grain and form components and it was shown that the flow resistance due to the grain roughness can be readily calculated by assuming k s = D 50 . The flow resistance due to bars, bedforms, and other channel irregularities can be large in gravel rivers even at bank-full flow.
Bedform
Flow resistance
Hydraulic roughness
Flow conditions
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Citations (20)