[Stimulus threshold of nerves encountered in E.N.T. surgery].
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Increasing the rate of presentation can have a deleterious effect on auditory processing, especially among the elderly. Rate can be manipulated by changing the duration of individual components of a sequence of sounds, by changing the inter-stimulus interval (ISI) between components, or both. Consequently, when age-related deficits in performance appear to be attributable to rate of stimulus presentation, it is often the case that alternative explanations in terms of the effects of stimulus duration or ISI are also possible. In this study, the independent effects of duration and ISI on the discrimination of temporal order for four-tone sequences were investigated in a group of young normal-hearing and elderly hearing-impaired listeners. It was found that discrimination performance was driven by the rate of presentation, rather than stimulus duration or ISI alone, for both groups of listeners. The performance of the two groups of listeners differed significantly for the fastest presentation rates, but was similar for the slower rates. Slowing the rate of presentation seemed to improve performance, regardless of whether this was done by increasing stimulus duration or increasing ISI, and this was observed for both groups of listeners. [Work supported, in part, by NIA.]
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Hearing impaired
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Stimulus (psychology)
Auditory stimuli
Tone burst
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AbstractThe author demonstrates how there is a direct and proportional relation between the intensity of the stimulus and the amplitude of the E.R.A., for people with normal hearing as well as for patients with transmission or reception hearing loss. However, when the stimuli are intense in people with normal hearing the amplitude of the E.R.A. diminishes, and in patients who suffer a hearing loss with recruitment, the E.R.A. reaches a greater amplitude than the intensity of the sonorous stimulus used.
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Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) are influenced by the characteristics of the stimulus, including level and hearing aid gain. Previous studies have measured CAEPs aided and unaided in individuals with normal hearing. There is a significant difference between providing amplification to a person with normal hearing and a person with hearing loss. This study investigated this difference and the effects of stimulus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and audibility on the CAEP amplitude in a population with hearing loss. Twelve normal-hearing participants and 12 participants with a hearing loss participated in this study. Three speech sounds—/m/, /g/, and /t/—were presented in the free field. Unaided stimuli were presented at 55, 65, and 75 dB sound pressure level (SPL) and aided stimuli at 55 dB SPL with three different gains in steps of 10 dB. CAEPs were recorded and their amplitudes analyzed. Stimulus SNRs and audibility were determined. No significant effect of stimulus level or hearing aid gain was found in normal hearers. Conversely, a significant effect was found in hearing-impaired individuals. Audibility of the signal, which in some cases is determined by the signal level relative to threshold and in other cases by the SNR, is the dominant factor explaining changes in CAEP amplitude. CAEPs can potentially be used to assess the effects of hearing aid gain in hearing-impaired users.
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Hearing aid
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Hearing level
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Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were recorded in a group of nine normally-hearing subjects. Wide-band clicks were delivered at 70, 80 and 90 dB SL, both with and without 50 dB SL of contralateral masking. The amplitude of wave VI was significantly reduced in the presence of masking for the 90 dB SL stimulus but there was no effect at the lower stimulus levels. A possible explanation for this is that the observed response, to a 90 dB SL stimulus without masking, is a summation of the ipsilateral wave VI and a wave V elicited from the contralateral ear. Supporting evidence is provided and the implications of this result are discussed.
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Auditory brainstem response
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Observer bias was investigated using 27 profoundly involved multiply handicapped children and behavioral observation audiometry. Two observers were in the room with the child, two others viewed via a video monitor, and each of the four observers had full knowledge of stimulus-type and intensity. Two additional observers viewed a videotape without being provided information about the stimuli. Results showed clear bias effects in 85% of the children. At low intensities, observers aware of stimulus events tended to score fewer responses than those judges unaware of stimulus intensity. At high levels, this trend was reversed. It is recommended that the estimation of hearing threshold in handicapped children be made by observers who do not have access to the sequence of stimulus presentations.
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The activity curves (sucking, breathing, eye movements) of 18 babies were inspected for alterations which might indicate reactions of hearing. In 10 cases, 4 of them also confirmed by ABR findings, we found it possible to deduce the hearing threshold from alterations of the respective activities alone even without knowledge of the occurrence of the stimulus (blind experiment, addition of the stimulus time after identification of activity alterations). Greater discrepancies are discussed with respect to the experience of the investigator and to different methods of audiometry.
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자극제시레벨에 따른 노인의 Gaps-in-Noise 측정에 관한 연구Purpose: The gaps-in-noise (GIN) test was developed as a clinical evaluation of temporal resolution.In the GIN test, a sensation level of 50 dB SL was recommended as a standard clinical presentation level to ensure stimulus audibility.It has been reported that the stimulus level less than 30 dB SL should not be used as presentation level to verify a proper level for administration of GIN test.Given that the previous finding was based on the data of young normal-hearing adults, the present study aimed to compare the GIN results as a function of stimulus level in listener groups differing in age and hearing sensitivity.Methods: Participants were 10 young normal-hearing (YNH), 12 elderly normal-hearing, and 12 elderly hearing-impaired (EHI) listeners.GIN was administered at 20, 30, 40, and 50 dB SL.The performance was determined from both the approximate threshold and the percentage of correct gap.Results: As results, both approximate threshold and percent correct in GIN results were measured.Results showed that, overall, both the threshold as well as the percent correct in GIN improved with increasing stimulus level.Across groups, EHI showed the poorest results from GIN test, with the best performance in YNH.EHI listeners with greater hearing loss at higher frequencies (2-8 kHz) were poorer at detecting gaps in noise.Across a range of stimulus level (20-50 dB SL), the GIN performance between 40 and 50 dB SL did not differ in all listener groups.Conclusion: A sensation level of 35-50 dB may be applicable to the elderly with normal hearing or slight-to-mild degree of hearing loss, without significant change in GIN performance.
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