[In vitro transfer of the aac(6')-aph(2") gene that confers aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance from Staphylococcus aureus to Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus avium].
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In nine strains of Enterococcus, frequency of resistance gene transfer from MRSA caring gene acc(6')-aph(2") was investigated. Transfer was inducted in broth at 44 degrees C for 24 h. Presence of acc(6')-aph(2") gene was confirmed by PCR method. Frequency of gene transfer was the highest for strains Enterococcus faecalis isolated from humans (0.13), significant lower for Enterococcus avium (0.007) and the lowest for strains of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from animals (0.004).Keywords:
Enterococcus faecalis
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Enterococcus faecalis
Antibiotic sensitivity
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Wound infections produced by antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains are particularly difficult to manage. This study examined the effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV) light treatment in killing antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis in vitro. Between 2 and 5 replications of each organism at 10(8) organisms/ml were prepared and plated on sheep blood agar medium and treated with UV light (254 nm, 15.54 mW/cm2 output). Irradiation times were 0, 2, 5, 8, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 or 120 seconds. Bacterial cultures were then incubated at 35 degrees C for 24 hours. Kill rates were 99.9 percent for the methicillin-resistant strain of S. aureus (MRSA) at 5, 8, 15, 30, 45, 60 seconds and 100 percent at 90 and 120 seconds. Kill rates were 99.9 percent at 5, 8, 15, 30 seconds for vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis (VRE) and 100 percent at 45, 60, 90, 120 seconds. Similar results were found with UV light treatment of the antibiotic-susceptible strains of S. aureus and E. faecalis. A significant difference in kill rates at 30 seconds of UV exposure was detected between the antibiotic-resistant strain of S. aureus and the antibiotic-resistant strain of E. faecalis (Student's t test, p < 0.01). Significant differences were also detected in the kill rates at 30 second exposure times for the antibiotic-susceptible strains of S. aureus and E. faecalis. These findings suggest that the Enterococcal bacteria is more susceptible to the killing effects of UV. This data also suggests that UV light at 254 nm is bactericidal for antibiotic-resistant strains of S. aureus and E. faecalis at times as short as 5 seconds and that the enterococcal bacteria is more susceptible to the killing effects of UV. With recommended patient treatment times for infected wounds being significantly longer than 5 seconds, this data indicates that patient treatment times need to be re-examined.
Enterococcus faecalis
Ultraviolet light
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The resistance determinants were transferred from clinical strains of enterococci to Staphylococcus aureus strains. As recipients methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible strains were used and the filter-mating procedure was performed. The transconjugants resistant to erythromycin were obtained in the case of all recipients, in one case the vanA determinant conferring the resistance to vancomycin was transferred together with erythromycin resistance. However the resistance was very unstable and the level was not as high as in the case of Enterococcus faecalis donor strain. The vanA determinant was easily transferred between enterococcal strains by the conjugation and a transfer occurred of vanA alone or together with erythromycin resistance.
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ABSTRACT We investigated the activities of telavancin and vancomycin against biofilm-producing Staphylococcus and Enterococcus strains. At clinically attainable concentrations, telavancin was active against bacteria embedded in biofilm (minimal biofilm eradication concentration [MBEC], 0.125 to 2 μg/ml) and inhibited biofilm formation at concentrations below the MIC. Vancomycin did not demonstrate the same activity (MBEC, ≥512 μg/ml) against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis . Telavancin may have a unique role in biofilm-associated infections.
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