A STUDY ON THE HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN SCALLOPS Chlamys farreri and Patinopecten yessoensis
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A study was made on the hybridization using Farreris scallop(Chlamys farreri) ♀×Japanese scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis).The results indicated that hybridation between the two species of scallop is feasible.During the larva stage,F1 hybrids exhibited strong growth to some extent;no significant difference was found in the larva survival rates between the groups,however,the metamorphism rate of F1 hrbrids was significantly lower than that of the inbred groups.Nursery rearing was studied with the hybrid group of Zhikong scallop(Chlamys farreri) ♀×Japanese scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis),and good economic benefits were gained.Keywords:
Patinopecten yessoensis
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The AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism)technique was used to analyse the genetic diversity in four scallop species,Patinopecten yessoensis, Argopecten irradians, Chlamys nobilis and C. farreri. The genetic similarity indexes of these four species are 0.841 5, 0.786 3, 0.719 0 and 0.673 1, while Shannon diversity indexes are 43.52, 58.87, 80.16 and 92.83 ,respectively. As analyzed,the genetic diversities in two native species, i.e., C. farreri and C. nobilis, are higher than those in other two introduced species, A.irradians and P. yessoensis. The results also showed that C. nobilis and C. farreri shared the most common loci. The genetic distance indicated that C. nobilis and C. farreri are closely related. Moreover, out of 510 AFLP markers, 21 specific bands are found to distinguish the four species scallops and these markers may be applied to the specific germplasm characterization and molecular assistant classification in scallops.
Argopecten irradians
Patinopecten yessoensis
Genetic distance
Germ plasm
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The survival rate and economic benefits after mixing culture of Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri and Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoens is were studied. The results showed that the survival rate of Zhikong scallop after the mixing culture was significantly increased, 62% higher than that of mono-culture, and remarkable economic benefits were aquired.
Patinopecten yessoensis
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Parent scallops, Chlamys farreri were reared in an outdoor tank covered with plastic sheets for 30 days, where the total density of food organisms was over 60000 cells/ml by natural innoculation methods. The survival of the scallop was over 96% and its gonad reached maturity and spawned. Various biological parameters of the parent scallop were obviously better than those in the natural waters.
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Bacterial disease is a significant issue for larviculture of the Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis).One source of bacteria is the water of larval-rearing tanks.In this study, water bacterial communities were investigated by MiSeq sequencing during larval development at fertilized egg W1, trochophora W2, D-shaped larvae W3, umbo larvae W4, juvenile scallop W5 stages.Genomic DNA was extracted from the water samples, and a gene segment from the V3-V4 portion of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using an Illumina Miseq sequencer.A total of 69245 optimized reads obtained from five samples were identified as 9 phyla and 86 genera.Bacterial communities were dominated by the Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes at phylum level across five larval development stages.At genus level, sequences assigned to Pseudoalteromonas, NS3a marine group and Sulfitobacter were dominant at stages of W1, W4 and W5.Moreover, reads from Vibrio became dominant at stage W2, followed by Pseudoalteromonas and Sulfitobacter;Glaciecola was dominant at stage W3, followed by NS3a marine group and Sulfitobacter.These findings indicated that water bacterial communities changed greatly during the trochophora and D-shaped larvae stages of larval development.
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