Analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae epidemic strains to five antibiotics
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Objective To investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility and the resistant trend of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated in Panyu in 2008 to penicillin,tetracycline,spectinomycin, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin.Methods The agar dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC) to the above five antibiotics.The sensitivities of all strains to the five antibiotics were judged according to criteria used in the project of surveillance of gonococcal antibiotic susceptibility in the WHO Western Pacific Region.Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) was detected by the paper acidometric method.Results In 107 isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 94 cases(94/107,87.9%) were penicillin-resistant bacteria,and 43 cases(43/107,40.2%) were PPNG ones.The resistance rate of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates was 88.8%to tetracycline;63 strains(58.9%) were plasmid-mediated high level tetracycline-resistant(TRNG);the ciprofloxacin resistance rate was 81.3%.Neither spectinomycin nor ceftriaxone-resistant strains were detected. MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of penicillin,tetracycline and ciprofloxacin significantly exceeded the resistance standards,especially 1 and over 32 times higher for penicillin.Conclusion Neisseria gonorrhoeae is sensitive to spectinomycin and ceftriaxone,and the two antibiotics may be used as the first choice to treat Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection.The resistance rates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to penicillin,tetracycline and ciprofloxacin are relatively high,indicating the three antibiotics are insensitive to gonorrhea.Keywords:
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Spectinomycin
Agar dilution
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Objective To monitor antibiotic resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Nanjing City based on analysis of the results from 1999 to 2002. Methods The production of β-lactamase was determined by paper acidometric method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of penicillin, ceftriaxone, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and spectinomycin were determined by an agar plate dilution method. Results A total of 417 clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were examined. During the period of 1999-2002, positive rate of PPNG rapidly increased from 8.0% to 31.31% (P 0.005). Prevalence of TRNG increased from 1.8% in 1999 to 22.2% in 2002 (P 0.005). Among non-PPNG isolates, prevalence of chromosomally mediated resistance to penicillin ranged from 64.08% to 87.80%. Positive rate of chromosomal resistance to ciprofloxacin was between 83.93% and 97.17%. There was no gonococcal isolate resistant to ceftriaxone, but the prevalence of strains less susceptible to ceftriaxone rose from 17.9% in 1999 to 50.5% in 2002. One Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain resistant to spectinomycin each was detected in 2001 and 2002. Conclusions Among Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated in Nanjing City, plasmid mediated resistance (including PPNG and TRNG) has increased rapidly, and the proportions of chromosomally mediated resistance to both penicillin and ciprofloxacin are high. Spectinomycin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain is rarely seen. Ceftriaxone and spectinomycin are considered as effective drugs for the treatment of gonorrhea.
Spectinomycin
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Agar dilution
Cefixime
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Objective:To survey the antibiotic susceptibility trend of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated in Guangzhou in 2007. Methods:The agar dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) to five antibiotics: penicillin G,tetracycline,ciprofloxacin,ceftriaxone and spectinomycin,the results were interpreted according to criteria used in the project of surveillance of gonococcal antibiotic susceptibility in the WHO Western Pacific Region.Penicillinase-producing N.gonorrhoeae(PPNG) was detected by the paper acidimetric method.Results:123 gonococcal strains isolated in Guangzhou in 2007 were studied.Penicillin-resistant rate was 93.5%(112/123) and PPNG 31.7%(39/123).87% of the strains were tetracycline-resistant,of which 58.5% were TRNG strains.The ciprofloxacin-resistance rate was 91.1%.None of the strains was found to be resistant to ceftriaxone and spectinomycin.MIC50 and MIC90 of Penicillin were 8 and over 32 times higher than the criteria.Conclusion:Penicillin,tetracycline and ciprofloxacin resistant strains spread seriously in Guangzhou.Ceftriaxone and spectiomycin should be used as the first-line agents in treating gonorrhoea.
Spectinomycin
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Agar dilution
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Objective Surveillance on drug resistance features and prevalence of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG) and highly tetracycline resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae(TRNG) in Hengyang district. Methods Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) were determined by agar dilution method and β-lactamase was detected with the modified iodometric method. Results There were 32(31.7%) PPNG isolates and 20(19.8%) TRNG isolates among the 101 Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates. The drug resistant rates to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, penicillin and spectinomycin were 94.1%, 91.1%, 89.1% and 2.0%, respectively. But no Ceftriaxone resist isolate was found. The cross-resistant isolates were prevalent, 79.2% were cross-resistant to penicillin and ciprofloxacin and 84.2% to tetracycline and ciprofloxacin. Conclusions Currently ceftriaxone and spectinomycin can be used as primary agents to cure gonorrhea in Hengyang district, but clinical practitioners need to pay more attention to the emerging spectinomycin resistant strains Continuous monitoring to Neisseria gonorrhoeae drug resistance is required.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Spectinomycin
Agar dilution
Cefixime
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Objective To investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from 10 cities of China, and to provide reference for the formulation of treatment guideline and making control strategy. Methods Agar dilution was used to detect antimicrobial susceptibility and acidometric method for PPNG testing. Results A total of 3186 gonococcal isolates were tested from 1993 to 1998. The resistant rate for penicillin was 66.70％ . PPNG isolates accounted for 8.14％ . Tetracycline-resistant isolates accounted for 93.02％ , and high level tetracycline-resistant isolates (TRNG) accounted for 4.65％ . The resistant rate for ciprofloxacin was also high (34.25％ ). The resistant rates for spectinomycin and ceftriaxone were 0.44％ and 0.57％ respectively. Conclusions The gonococcal isolates are highly resistant to penicillin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin, while still sensitive to spectinomycin and ceftriaxone. These results suggest that the present treatment for gonorrhea can still be used.
Spectinomycin
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Agar dilution
Cefixime
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Objective To monitor the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 5 antibiotics for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and its plasmid-mediated resistant strains,and to analyze the trend of drug resistant strains penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) and tetracycline-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (TRNG).Methods Four hundred and thirty-six isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were collected from Panyu Institute of Chronic Disease,Guangzhou from 2008 and 2012.The production of β-lactamase was determined by paper acidometric method.The agar dilution method was used to determine the MIC of spectinomycin,cefatriaxone,penicillin,tetracycline and ciprofloxacin.Results Out of 436 isolates,147 (33.72％) were plasmid-mediated PPNG strains and 222(50.92％) were TRNG strains.During the 5-year period,the prevalence of PPNG and TRNG ranged from 24.32％ to 45.59％ and from 21.31％ to 67.57％,with significant differences(x2=11.659,38.464,P all＜0.05).None of the strains were resistant to spectinomycin and ceftriaxone,but the ceftriaxone intermediate rate fluctuated from 26.13％ to 72.13％ with significant differences (x2=39.720,P＜0.01),and their MIC50 and MIC90 were all in the sensitive ranges.However,the MIC50 and MIC90 of penicillin,tetracycline and ciprofloxacin changed greatly,and were significantly higher than resistant standards,with the resistance rates of 76.37％ (333/ 436),88.76％ (387/436) and 94.26％ (411/436),respectively.Conclusions From 2008 to 2012,spectinomycin and ceftriaxone are both sensitive to Neisseria gonorrhoeae,and are recommended as the first-line antibiotics against gonorrhea.The MIC50 and MIC90 of penicillin,tetracycline and ciprofloxacin are unstable and rise above the resistant standards,indicating that it is inappropriate to use them as the first-line antibiotics in treatment of gonorrhea.
Key words:
Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Microbial sensitivity tests; Drug monitoring
Spectinomycin
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Cefixime
Agar dilution
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Objective To survey the susceptibility and trend of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antibioticagets in Jiangmen from 2010 to 2012.Methods 127 Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains were observed for their susceptibility to six antibiotics, agard lution method was used to detect minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of antimicrobial agents and high-level tetracycline-resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae(TRNG),the production of β-lactamase was dectermined by paper acidometric method. Results The percentage of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains sensitive to Spectinomycin,cefixime and ceftriaxone was 100%,100% and 77.95%,the percentage of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains resistent to ciprofloxacin was 92.13%;48(37.80%) strains were penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG),51(40.16%) strains were TRNG. Conclusion The Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates are highly resistant to penicillin,tetracycline and ciprof loxacin,spectinomycin and cefixime should be used the first-line drugs for the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Jiangmen.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Cefixime
Spectinomycin
Neisseria
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Objective To survey the drug resistance of neisseria gonorrhoeae to 5 antibiotics and the prevalence of PPNG and TRNG in 2009.Methods Minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC) of penicillin,ciprofloxacin,ceftriaxone and spectinomycin of neisseria gonorrhoeae were tested by using the agar dilution method,and β-lactamase was detected by paper iodin quantitative method.Results In 120 strains of neisseria gonorrhoeae,33 strains of PPNG accounted for 27.5%,and 52 strains of TRNG accounted for 43.3%.Drug resistant rates of ciprofloxacin and penicillin were 95.8%and 95.0%,respectively.The insolated strains were not resistant to ceftriaxone and spectinomycin.Conclusion It is important to analyze the antibiotic resistance of neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Spectinomycin
Agar dilution
Agar Dilution Method
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Objective To investigate the antibiotics susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Foshan city in 2007.Methods Agar dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of the isolates to penicillin G, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone and spectinomycin.Penicillinase produced by N.gonorrhoeae(PPNG) was analysed by the paper acidometric method.Results 98 N.gonorrhoeae isolates were identified, in which 34.7% were PPNG and 64.3% were TRNG.The percentage of drug resistance to penicillin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline was 96.9%, 96.9% and 94.9%, respectively.Ceftriaxone and spectinomycin resistant strains were not found.The values of MIC50 and MIC90 of penicillin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin for these isolates were significantly greater than the standards.Especially, the values of MIC50 and MIC90 of penicillin was 8 and 32 times respectively higher than the standard.Conclusion Ceftriaxone and spectiomycin should be used as the first-line agents in treating gonorrhoea.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Spectinomycin
Agar dilution
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Objective To investigate the bacterial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from our hospital.Methods MICs of 13 antimicrobial agents to 35 Neisseria gonorrhoeae were tested by agar dilution procedure.β-lactamase and its encoding gene were detected by Nitrocefin disk and PCR,respectively.Results The resistant rates of penicillin,tetracycline,ciprofloxacin,cefuroxime were 65.7%,60.0%,88.6%,14.3%,respectively.All the strains were susceptible to the third,fourth generation cephalosporins,and spectinomycin.42.9% of strains produced TEM type β-lactamase.Conclusions Neisseria gonrrhoeae were highly resistant to penicillin,tetracyclines,fluoroquinolones,and the third-fourth generation cephalosporins,or spectinomycin were the first choice for the chemotherapy of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections. It was very important to survey their resistance.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Spectinomycin
Agar dilution
Cefuroxime
Agar Dilution Method
Neisseria
Cefixime
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To survey the antibiotic resistance and the prevalence of penicillinase-producing and highly tetracycline-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG and TRNG) in Guangzhou in 2002.Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the 4 antimicrobial agents, tetracycline, spectinomycin, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone, to 100 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were determined by agar dilution method, and beta-lactamase was detected by iodine quantification method.There were 15 (15%) strains of PPNG and 28 (28%) strains of TRNG among the 100 strains of Neisseriae gonorrhoeae examined, with a resistant rate to ciprofloxacin as high as 98% and 32 (32%) strains identified to be highly resistant to the antibiotics (MIC >or=16 mg/L). No resistant strains to ceftriaxone and specitinomycin were identified, but ceftriaxone susceptibility of the strains was declining.The current antibiotic resistance of gonococci strains are still serious in Guangzhou, especially in the case of ciprofloxacin resistance. The strains are sensitive to spectinomycin and ceftriaxone, and continuous monitoring of the bacteria for their antibiotic resistance is necessary.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Spectinomycin
Agar dilution
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Citations (2)