Analysis of calcification in breast masses by high-resolution sonography
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Objective To analyze and evaluate the size, shape and distribution characteristics of calcification in breast masses by high-resolution sonography for the differentiation of the benign masses from the malignant ones. Methods Fifty-one cases with calcification in which included 30 malignant and 21 benign masses in breast masses were evaluated and analyzed by high-resolution sonography . All cases had pathological results. Results According to the sizes, calcifications were classified: type 1, micro calcification; type 2, coarse calcification and type 3, curved calcification. Furthermore, micro calcifications were divided into three types due to their shapes and distributions: a, spot calcification, b, pearl calcification, c, clustered calcification. Of the 30 malignant cases, 29 were micro calcifications and only one coarse calcification, whereas 13 cases were micro calcifications, 4 were coarse calcification and 4 curved calcification in the 21 benign cases. Micro calcifications were more likely to be found in malignant diseases, and coarse calcification, curved calcification were more likely to be in benign diseases. There is a significant difference between the two groups (χ 2=12.22, P 0.001). Moreover, of the 42 micro calcifications, the calcification features of malignant masses tended to be appeared clustered distributions (22/42), and benign calcifications tended to be appeared single or loose distributions with pearl or spot micro calcifications (12/42). Statistic significance was different between malignant and benign masses (χ 2=16.44, P 0.001). Additionally, 7 malignant masses (7/42) appeared loose distributions of spot micro calcifications. Conclusion Clustered calcification can be characters of breast cancer. Most of pearl micro calcifications, coarse and curved calcifications with single or loose distributions are benign lesions. Spot micro calcification can be appeared in both malignant and benign lesions in which single or loosely sparse distributions are more likely to be benign lesions. Relatively accumulated distribution with two or more spot calcifications, combining with gray-scale and color Doppler sonographic features can improve the diagnostic accordance of breast cancer.Cite
Stereotactic biopsy
Breast biopsy
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Peripheral Thyroid Nodule Calcifications on Sonography: Evaluation of Malignant PotentialHarshawn S. Malhi1, Erik Velez1, Brittany Kazmierski1, Mittul Gulati1, Corinne Deurdulian1, Steven Y. Cen1 and Edward G. Grant1Audio Available | Share
Nodule (geology)
Thyroid Nodules
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Objective To evaluate significance of thyroid calcification sonographic patterns in the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma. Methods 191 thyroid nodules in 121 patients were examined on preoperative ultrasonography. Results Calcification was detected in 72(38%) nodules, 41(57%) of which was histologically diagnosed as carcinoma. According to the calcification types, 12(86%) nodules with microcalcification, 23(52%) nodules with intranodular coarse calcification, 5(45%) nodules with peripheral calcification and 1(33%) solitary calcified spots without surrounding tumor were diagnosed as cancer. Conclusion Calcification is a characteristic index for thyroid carcinoma, from the perspective of carcinoma screening, any type of sonographically detected calcifications represents a risk of malignancy, not only microcalcification, but other types of calcification should also be thoroughly examined.
Microcalcification
Thyroid Nodules
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s Objective To discuss the significance of clustered minute calcifications in the X ray diagnosis of mastopathy,and to analyse and assess its specific value to breast cancer.Methods To re interpret 45 Mo target X ray films of mastopathy,and to review and analyse the relevant clinical records and pathological data.Results of the 45 cases,39(86.7%)were breast cancer and 6(13.3%)were benign mastosis. In 29 cases,masses could be seen clearly in the Mo target films,the edges showing burlike changes while clustered minute calcifications being found within or around the shadow,All the 29 cases were confirmed to be breast cancer by surgery or biopsy.Eight cases(17.6%) were found with clustered minute calcifications in the X ray films,though clinically masses were not palpable; intraductal carcinoma was confirmed by pathology in 4 of them.The morphology,quantity and distribution of calcifications were not correlated with the sign of mass,staging of disease and axillary lymph node metastasis.In most of the cases,the calcifications were sand like and limited within the mass,while pathologically 24 cases of calcifications were found.Conclusions Clustered minute calcification is of great importance in the X ray diagnosis of mastspathy.In those with palpable masses and X ray presentation of clustered minute celcifications existing in the shadow or node with burlike and lobulated edge,the diagnosis is not difficult as malignancy is often suggested.The presence of clustered minute calcifications in radiology without clinically papable masses should not be taken lightly,in spite of the possibillity of benignancy.Biopsy with the cooperation of the radiology and pathology departments should be performed to clarify the nature of calcifications.
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Calcifications are commonly encountered on mammography. Calcifications are assessed according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS®) lexicon. Calcifications may be categorized as benign, of intermediate concern or malignant. Benign calcifications include skin, vascular, coarse, rod-like, round, punctate, lucent-centered eggshell and suture calcifications, along with milk of calcium. Calcifications of intermediate concern include amorphous and coarse heterogeneous calcifications. Fine pleomorphic and fine linear calcifications are considered to likely be malignant. Calcifications may be diffuse, regional, clustered, linear or segmental. Size, number and stability are also used to classify calcifications. Characterization and management of calcifications are based on the most worrisome feature(s). Calcifications should be evaluated with high-quality mammographic images, including magnification views in the craniocaudal and the straight lateral projections. Suspicious calcifications shoul...
Breast imaging
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This article reported the result of analysis of 96 cases with heaps of calcifications in the breast all verified by operation. The calcifications, according to the appearances on X-ray film were classified into 4 patterns: club-shaped, fine sandy, fragmented stonelike and coalescent. A comprehensive analysis was made in regard to spatial distribution and amount of calcification and the presence of a mass. The results indicated that club-shaped calcification is highly suggestive of malignancy regardless of the amount of calcification and the presence or absence of a mass. Simple fine sandy calcification in the absence of a mass can not differentiate benign from malignancy because of wide range of overlapping, whereas simple fragmented stone and coalescent types, according to the authors opinion denote benign.
Microcalcification
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Microcalcification
Atypia
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Objective To investigate the X-ray diagnostic significance of calcification of the breast tumor without mass.Methods Mammograms of 90 cases of breast tumor without mass confirmed pathologically were retrospectively analyzed.There were 55 cases confirmed benign breast tumor,and the rest cases were breast cancer.The shape,distribution,total number,location of calcifications in the breast,and asymmetric dense of the breast were recorded and watched.Results ①The X-ray findings of calcification in benign breast tumors always presented as coarse granular(31),scattered shape(35) with small number,less with the asymmetric dense of the breast(7),and the change of side with axillary lymph node(2).②Meanwhile,fine sand-like(32),showing the cluster-like distribution(24) with larger number,with the asymmetric dense of the breast(24) and the change of side with axillary lymph node(10).Both of the differences of the calcifications(the shape,the distribution,and the total number) were statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusions The calcifications of benign and malignant breast tumors have their unique X-ray characteristics.And there is a great value in differentiating early benign and malignant breast tumor.
Breast tumor
Axillary lymph nodes
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Objective Ultrasonic of calcification type value of thyroid nodules of calcification in the diagnosis of benign and malignant. Methods Selection of ultasound examination in our hospital found thyroid nodules with calcification, after thyroid nodule patients in our hospital surgical operation treatment and definite pathological diagnosis, aclassified according to morphology ,size of calcification. It was divided into 4 types: type 1,micro-calcification ; type 2, Dot patchy calcification; type 3,linear or curved calcification ; type 4,calcification in the cystic nodule,mainly cystic.Comparison of different types of pathological calcification nodules final parting with benign and malignant relationship. Results The proportion of type 1 in malignant nodules of calcification were much higher than those of benign nodules ; No significant difference between the proportion of type 2 in benign and malignant nodules of calcification;3 types of calcified nodules benign tendency towards; 4 types benign nodules of calcification . Conclusion Ultrasound examination of thyroid nodules of calcification calcification type and the benign and maligant nodules with correlation, can be used as an important reference index for clinical diagonsis and treatment.
Thyroid Nodules
Nodule (geology)
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Object:To explore the value of the calcifications and the CT characteristics in distinguishing the benign and the malignant thyroid diseases.Methods:35 patients with pathologic and CT data were collected from Jan 2007 to Dec 2009,whose thyroid lesions appeared calcifications.The calcifications in the lesion were divided into fine(≤2 mm),coarse(2 mm)and mixed(fine and coarse) particle by diameter,into single and multiple by number,and into clear and blur by border.The density and enhancement extent of nodules with calcification were analyzing too.Results:There were 20 benign nodules and 15 malignant nodules,7 men and 28 women. In the benign patients,19 were female,1 was male;in the malignant patients 9 were female,6 were male.The ration of calcification with clear and blur border in benign and malignant were respectively 6:14,12:3.There were statistical difference in the gender and the border of calcifications in the benign and malignant lesions.The location,number of calcifications in the nodules and the density,enhancement extent of nodules with calcification were not statistically difference in the benign and malignant diseases.Conclusion:The thyroid nodules with calcifications in male with clear border suggest malignant disease.
Thyroid Nodules
Malignant disease
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