Research and Development of Ceria-based Electrolyte on Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
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Intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) is one of the important research trend of solid oxide fuel cell.The rare earth or alkali earth doped CeO_2 is considered promising alternate electrolyte with high ion conductivity at low temperature.The present research status and development of doped ceria-based electrolyte were reviewed.The preparation techniques of CeO_2-based electrolyte materials were also introduced.Keywords:
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Alkaline earth metal
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Rare earth or alkali earth oxide doped CeO 2 possesses high oxygen ion conductivity at low temperature, it was the best electrolyte material for a medium or low temperature solid oxide fuel cell. Recent research status on the performances of solid oxide fuel cell was that doped CeO 2 was used as electrolyte, such as Ce 0.8 Sm 0.2 O 1.9 ,Ce 0.8 Gd 0.2 O 1.9 ,Ce 0.8 Y 0.2 O 1.9 , etc, the best performance of a single cell with Ce 0.8 Sm 0.2 O 1.9 was that the output power was 403 mW/cm 2 at 500 ℃.The CeO 2 based electrolyte materials were difficult to sinter, the sintering temperature commonly is above 1 300 ℃,the preparation technics of CeO 2 based solid electrolyte materials were also introduced, including solid sintering, sol gel and hydrothermal synthesis.
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The growing energy needs of modern world demand more advancement in the efficiency of energy systems. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) play a major role in the clean energy technology due to its high efficiency, fuel flexibility and low pollution. Electrolyte is one of the key components of SOFC. CeO2 -based solid electrolytes, which have high oxygen ion transport, are one of the main candidates as electrolyte for SOFC. Nano structured CeO2 -based solid electrolytes have enhanced physical and electrical properties which help to improve the performance of the SOFC. High operating temperature of electrolyte require high ionic diffusion with minimum electronic conduction. Mostly, open lattice structure: Fluorite are used as solid electrolytes for SOFC.Cerium oxide(ceria) became the best choice for working at intermediate temperature due to their unique properties for widespread commercial applications. Acceptor doped CeO2 has shown enhancement in the ionic conductivity due to their smaller particle size, better structural properties, and morphology. Co-doping approach are found to be most cost-effective method with an enhanced ionic conductivity. Ceria (CeO2) co- doping reported to achieve higher ionic conductivities than those in singly doped systems. In this context, thin film deposition of electrolyte has drawn attention in the field of research due to their less ohmic loss with a low operating temperature. This article provides a comprehensive review with respect to the material requirement of SOFC electrolyte, the out-turn of the two-process doping and co-doping on the structural and electrical properties of the ceria based electrolyte and it open future directions towards pursuing SOFC research.
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Alkali-carbonates effects @ doped ceria as a composite electrolyte for Low temperature (300-600 oC) solid oxide fuel cell
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Doped ceria-carbonate composite electrolyte for mediate/low temperature solid oxide fuel cells was reviewed. The influences of composition and microstructure on materials' conductivity and output performance were analyzed, and the multi-ion conduction mechanisms were summarized. Various application systems of composite electrolyte materials were explored.
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Doped ceria (CeO2) compounds are fluorite related oxides which show oxide ionic conductivity higher than yttria-stabilized zirconia in oxidizing atmosphere. As a consequence of this, considerable interest has been shown in application of these materials for 'intermediate temperature (300- 500℃)' operation of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). In this review paper, our experimental data was re-introduced to propose a new design paradigm for development of high quality doped CeO2 electrolytes. Based on our experimental data, our original idea a control of nano-inhomogeity of doped CeO2 electrolytes was proposed. In our work, the nano-sized powders and dense sintered bodies of M doped CeO2 (M: Sm, Gd, Y, Yb, Dy, Ho, Tb and La) specimens were fabricated using ammonium carbonate co-precipitation method, conventional sintering method and pulsed electric current sintering method. Also nano-structural features of those specimens were carefully observed for conclusion of relationship between electrolytic properties and microstructure in doped CeO2. It is essential that the electrolytic properties of doped CeO2 reflect in changes of microstructure even down to the atomic scale. Accordingly, a combined approach of ultimate analysis, simulation and processing route design is required to develop the superior quality doped CeO2 electrolytes for the intermediate temperature operation of SOFCs.
Oxidizing agent
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A status in quo of the study on electrolyte and electrode materials used for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells is summarized concisely. Our goal should be the Ceria-based and BaCeO3-based, rare-earth doped solid electrolytes and corresponding electrode materials.
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Solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)are expected to be one of potential energy sources in the 21st century.Rare-earth or alkali-earth oxide doped CeO2 possesses high oxygen ion conductivity at low temperature,it is suitable electrolyte materials for a intermediate or low temperature SOFCs.In this paper,a few methods on enhancing and improving electrical properties of CeO2-based solid electrolyte were reviewed in detail and the viewpoint was also presented.
Alkaline earth metal
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