Investigation and Analysis on Characteristics of Forest Communities in Dajinshan Island,Shanghai
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The characteristics of forester communities and analysed were investigated in Dajinshan Island,Shanghai in this paper.The results showed that two main natural forest communities,Mallotus japonicus-Cyclobalanopsis glauca community and Machilus thunbergii-Cyclobalanopsis glauca-Diospyros kaki-Mallotus japonicus community,have been found in Dajinshan Island.Their species components under forest were similar and both on the original succession stages,and their bio-diversities were at a lower level.The two forest communities were slowly on succession for the regional forest community with the Fagaceae species as the dominance.The suggestion is that on the basis of closed forests,some managements,such as forest gap-regeneration,alteration,etc.should be adopted in order to accelerate the natural succession process.Keywords:
Mallotus
Forester
Dominance (genetics)
Diospyros
Natural forest
Natural regeneration
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Using phytocoenological and phytodemographic methods, we studied the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of plant species diversity of tropical natural forest in Bawangling, Hainan Island. The results showed that 1) plant communities of this area had great differences in the composition of dominant species and there were low species similarities among the communities; 2) the mountain rain forest in this area had a larger number of species, a higher level of species evenness and relatively weaker dominance of the species than the lowland rain forest; 3) setting priority according to species rarity, all the plants in this area can be divided into three categories according to their positions and distributions in the communities, namely rare and endangered species, characteristic species, and common species, and 4) some suggestions were put forward for the conservation of plant species diversity in this area.
Dominance (genetics)
Plant Diversity
Rare species
Global biodiversity
Vascular plant
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The Community Structure and Species Diversity of Low-benefit Ecological Service Forests in Guangdong
The community structure and species diversity of low-benefit ecological service forests,including pure and mixed forests of Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata in Guangdong,respectively,were studied by the plot survey method.The results showed that 149 species belonging to 58 families and 92 genera were recorded in the 18 plots,with obvious tropical and subtropical floristic features;The vertical structure of four forest communities were relatively simple and were still in the early stages of vegetation succession.The Patrick index varied from 32 to 66,whilst Shannon-Wiener index varied from 0.61 to 3.15,values of between 0.26 and 0.89 were observed Simpson index,while the Pielou index were between 0.15 and 0.89.Furthermore,the major factors influencing the ecological service forest and different measures to improve species diversity of ecological service forest were also discussed.
Pinus massoniana
Diversity index
Cunninghamia
Floristics
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Logging, mining and land conversion together threaten Dinagat Island. Diversity and structure of forest habitat types were determined as basis for conservation and management. Identification of forest habitat types was based on habitat's physical characteristics. Six forest habitat types were identified covered by 432 native plant species classified into 87 families and 203 genera, 40 plant species were endemic to Dinagat Island. Of the 432 species, 58% recorded in lowland evergreen forest (LEF), 16% in upper montane, 15% in forest over limestone, 6% in lower montane forest (LMF), 4% in mangrove forest, and 1% in beach forest, with average species diversity of 3.32. Trees in LEF were bigger, taller and larger in basal area as compared with other habitat types. Dominant species was Xanthostemon verdugonianus Náves ex Fern.-Vill with importance value of 9.857%. Native plant species was an asset for the mineral resource industry for site rehabilitation and conservation.
Basal area
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There remain parts of natural forests in Yuelu Mountain in Changsha,Zhaoshan in Xiangtan,large Jingshan in Zhuzhou and other places,The author selects representative area in which 75 field investigations was setted up and according the ecology analysis the diversity of forest colony about the area of Changzhutan.The results showed that: ① There are 15 natural forest communities,including 46 species of trees,27 families and 31 genera,67 species of shrubs,29 families,35 genera,27 species of herbs,13 families and 19 genera in the areas of Changzhutan.②The relationship between community types and species diversity is: evergreen and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest coniferous and broadleaved mixed forests evergreen broadleaf forest.③The statistics of plant species in 15 plots shows that : shrub layer tree layer herb layer.The plant distribution pattern of stratification of vegetation is in accord with the ancient species distribution.④On the whole,the plant diversity index of the forest community in the area is not high,which reflects the impact of the process of urbanization on the natural environment around the city,especially on the increasing fragmentation of forest vegetation.Therefore,we must take effective and scientific measures to strengthen the conservation of plant diversity.⑤The research provide a scientific basis for the protection of hill area,the restoration of natural vegetation in the area,the conservation of biological diversity,and the promotion in the construction of ecological eco-friendly city groups.
Plant Diversity
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Based on the data from 7 sample plots in distributed area of Hainan Gibbon(Hylobates hainanus),Bawangling National Nature Reserve,Hainan Island,China,the study on forest communities composition and species diversity of primary and secondary tropical forest vegetation had been carried out.The results showed that the Shannon-Weiner species diversity indexes of 3 primary forests were higher up to 4.84～6.36,the community similarity coefficients were about 50%;but the diversity indexes of the secondary forest were lower than the primary forests changing from 0 to 3.48,and the similarity coefficients were only about 10%.Therefore,in order to enlarge the habitats for Hainan Gibbon,secondary forest needs to be developed effectively and ecological corridors needs to be built based on such index as composition of primary forests.
Hylobates
Secondary forest
Diversity index
Tropical forest
Old-growth forest
Forest structure
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SYNOPSIS The ecology of Hlogwene Forest, an area of relatively homogenous Coast Forest, was studied from floristic data of woody species collected from twenty-four 20 × 40 m stands. The results indicate that the forest has at least three synusiae of woody species, and that only a few species are dominant in any one synusia. A consideration of the regeneration of canopy species indicates that in time the floristic composition of the forest will alter. The results of an ordination study indicate that canopy frequency data from a 20 x 20 m stand contains the most ecologically meaningful information, and that the forest was exploited to some extent in the past.
Floristics
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Despite the recognized value of Malindang Natural Park as a major biodiversity refuge, little has been done to conserve and protect its flora. The commercial and social demand for floral resources has resulted in biodiversity loss. Thus, Malindang Natural Park is one of the hotspots in the Philippines needing high priority for protection and conservation. It is therefore important that plants be inventoried and assessed so that strategies for their sustainable use can be effectively implemented. Site selection, establishment of sampling plots and inventory were done with the local researches. Using TWINSPAN analysis, floristic classification, vegetation types and maps were produced and assessed to determine the status of biodiversity. Participatory inventory and assessment of the forest and agroecosystems delineated nine types viz, mossy forest, montane forest, dipterocarp forest, almaciga forest, two types of mixed dipterocarp forest, lowland dipterocarp forest, plantation forest and agroecosystem. Each forest type is characterized by a specific combination of plant species. The forest ecosystems showed a total of 1,284 species: 873 angiosperms, 20 gymnosperms, 280 pteridophytes, 85 bryophytes, 26 lichen species. It also revealed 56 endangered and locally threatened species. Among the vegetation types, the almaciga forest appeared with the most number of endemic species, followed by the Montane and the Mossy forests. The lowest species richness and endemism were found in the plantation forest. In general, the forest types scored high on the species diversity index. It is expected that this species diversity index may increase when the forest will be protected and properly managed by the local people inhabiting the park. The forests in Malindang Natural Park are still rich in biodiversity and endemic species. However, threatened species were likewise high due to land conversion and resource utilization.
Old-growth forest
Secondary forest
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The community species diversity dynamics of the early and medium restoration succession stages(0~50 a) of the forests in the Heishiding mountain area of Guangdong Province is systematically studied in this paper.Investigations on fixed quadrats combined with the method of the substitution of space for time,are employed in this study.The results show that in general,the community's biodiversity increases gradually with the process of the forest restoration succession which evolved from secondary bare lands of clearcut or fired remains to coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest at the early and medium stages of the secondary succession.That is to say,the species diversity raises step by step and the evenness of the forest community remains stable,while the ecological dominance of the communities tends to decline.In addition,it is found that the community's transparence imposed strongest impact on species diversity while no significant effect of the other 5 environmental factors on species diversity was detected based on the grey system correlation analysis between 6 dominant environmental factors and 4 species diversity factors.
Quadrat
Dominance (genetics)
Secondary succession
Secondary forest
Old-growth forest
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This study aimed at understanding the dynamics of ecological processes and the use of secondary forests in Santa Catarina state (Brazil). The data base for these studies was formed through forest inventories carried out in the three forest types of the state. The results of this study demonstrate that the patterns of diversity are very similar among the three forest types; however, the species compositions among the types are quite different. A total of 343 woody species belonging to 73 families were found in the 24,000 m 2 sampling area, revealing the potential role of secondary forest in the conservation of biodiversity at the landscape scale. As expected, a small set of pioneer species dominates young secondary forests with shade-tolerant species becoming structurally important after 30 years. The patterns of forest structure and species diversity observed in study largely conform to the postagricultural secondary succession observed for many tropical forests.
Secondary forest
Secondary succession
Floristics
Old-growth forest
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Vatica mangachapoi communities and Hopea exalata communities are two types of unique tropical rain forests located in low-elevation areas in Hainan Island.The former is mainly distributed in Shimeiwan of Wanning Country and Maihao Town of Wenchang Country;the latter is mainly distributed in Ganzhaling Mountain of Sanya Country.In this study,the community distribution,habitat feature,community composition and structure,and the cause of community formation for the two types of communities were reviewed.Results showed that the species composition and community structure of Vatica mangachapoi communities were relatively simple,with no distinct tropical rainforest features;these communities were impacted by coastal soil conditions.Species composition in Hopea exalata communities were relatively rich,and the community structure was relatively complicated;these communities were derived from mixed rainforest,due to human disturbance.After the rigorous protection,such as establishments of the natural reserves,the unique biodiversity in the two forest communities will be well conserved,and the knowledge of the community characteristics will contribute to coastal forest restoration in our country.
Dipterocarpaceae
Tropical rain forest
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