Study on formic functional group content determination.
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In order to control potassium formic quality, detecting method of formic functional content was studied to optimize the ratio of sodium formate to potassium formate, and to make formate drilling fluid exhibits its characteristic fully. Formic functional group content in solid formate and in the filtrate of drilling fluid was introduced respectively, and influences of KMnO 4 concentration and addition on the determination were studied. In addition, formic functional group content of lab fluid and field fluid filtrates were determined. At the same time, effect of drilling fluid additives on the results was also analyzed. Lab data showed that this method is suitble for determining formic group content of formate additives and formate drilling fluid with the result is liable in high accuracy. Finally, the technical index of potassium formate was determined, that is: w(H 2O)≥8.0%, w(KCOOH)(purity)90%, w(K +)≥40.0%, density of saturated salt solution≥1.55 g/cm 3.Keywords:
Sodium formate
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The work attempted to study and optimize the aqueous two-phase systems(n-propanol/sodium carbonate)to extractγ-PGA from fermentation broth,in whichγ-PGA was enriched in salt phase,the effect of several parameters such as concentration of phase forming components(n-propanol and sodium carbonate),temperature and pH on the extraction rate and partition coefficient ofγ-PGA were studied.Orthogonal experiment design was applied to determine the optimum technical conditions for extraction.The results showed that the optimum extraction condition of n-propanol/sodium carbonate aqueous two-phase system were18%(w/w)n-propanol and 14%(w/w)sodium carbonate at 40 ℃ and pH=10.Under the optimal condition,the extraction rate was 98.07%.In conclusion,the method has good reliability.
Sodium carbonate
Propanol
Aqueous two-phase system
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Potassium sulfate
Sodium sulfate
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In order to reduce the energy consumption for the separation of methyl propionate-methanol-water system, the application of salting-out extraction was studied. The main functional mechanism of salting-out extraction was that the salt ions form complex with the methanol molecules and intermolecular hydrogen bonds were formed between the moleculed of inorganic salts and water. The results of gas chromatography showed that adding salts can significantly decrease the mutual solubility of the components in the system mentioned above. The results showed that the optimum operation parameters were as follows: the saturated MgCl 2 was selected as the best solvent, solvent ratio (VF/VS) was 1：2.5, extraction temperature was 20 °C, stirring rate was 300r/min, stirring time was 20min, and settling time was 20min. Under the optimized parameters, the mass fraction of methyl propionate exceeded 99.33% and the yield was 90.19% through the three-stage of cross-current extraction.
Salting out
Salting
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Pyruvic acid
Base (topology)
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Two analytical procedures have been used for the determination of water in acetic and formic acids under proton isoconcentration conditions, based on a large and systematic change in the potential measurements on addition of 0–2%m/m of water to a mixture of propylene carbonate and 10%V/V acetic or formic acid containing 2 × 10–3M perchloric acid in glacial acetic acid as a background electrolyte, using a combination pH glass electrode. The first procedure was used directly for the determination of water in the range 0–10%m/m and the second for the range 10–100%m/m. In the second procedure the dilute acids were concentrated by mixing them with dry mixtures of propylene carbonate and acetic or formic acid. The method is fast, accurate and reproducible.
Perchloric acid
Propylene carbonate
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The content of basic nitrogen in oil was determined with the mixture of acetic acid and propionic acid( volume ratio 1∶ 3) as the solvent of perchloric acid titrant,the mixture of petroleum ether and acetic acid( volume ratio 1∶ 1) as the solvent of sample oil by the equal-increment-potentiometric titration method with two-step solution mode. The results showed that the terminal point was clearly demarcated,its stability was better,the condensation point of titrant was decreased when 0. 02 mol / L perchloric acid solution in new mixed solvent was used. The recovery rate of addition standard was in the range of 98. 6%-103. 0% with crude oil as matrix and wax oil as standard substance. No matter whether the sample oil was light or dark,the relative standard deviation was 1. 83%,indicating this method had high accuracy. The maximum differences of 5 repeated determination results of the actual samples were only 25%-100% of the tolerance in SH / T 0162 standard.
Perchloric acid
Nitric acid
Standard solution
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To establish a method for determination of H2O2 in allyl chloride oxidation liquid oil-phase.The effects of the amount of sulfuric acid solution,the amount of potassium iodide solution and quiescent time after extraction were investigated.Optimal analytical condition was obtained are that:the sample was extracted with water,then added sulfuric acid solution,potassium iodide solution,and four drops of ammonium molybdate.The subsequent sample solution was titrated with sodium thiosulfate standard solution,the results shows that:the relative stardard deviation is 0.69%～1.58%.The recovery is 91.7%～102%.This method is accurate,quick and has good sensitivity.
Ammonium molybdate
Sodium thiosulfate
Sodium molybdate
Ammonium chloride
Sodium iodide
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Glycolaldehyde
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Oxyrane oxygen of non-terminal epoxy compounds was determined with each method of hydrogen chloride-ether, dioxane and acetic acid solutions, and hydrogen bromide-acetic acid solution.It was found that water contained in the sample solution lowers the accuracy of determination.Hydrogen bromide-acetic acid solution method (Durbetaki's method) showed better accuracy among the above methods.Anhydrous hydrogen bromide-acetic acid solution was prepared easily by means of a procedure that hydrobromic acid was dissolved with acetic acid, and then equivalent amount of acetic anhydride to water was added into the solution.To increase the accuracy of determination, Durbetaki's method was modified as follows : In case standardization of hydrogen bromide-acetic acid solution, sodium carbonate was dissolved with 10ml of acetic acid, and then 10ml of benzene was added into the solution. The sample was dissolved with mixture of 10ml of benzene and 5ml of acetic acid.Interference for the determination was also investigated.
Hydrobromic acid
Hydrogen bromide
Anhydrous
Hydrochloric acid
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The influence of mass ratio of sodium chloride to sodium sulphate on the yield and mass fraction of H_2O_2 in the product is studied by single factor optimization with 30%H_2O_2 mass fraction solution at the temperature of 288K. It is concluded that the optimum mass ratio of sodium chloride to sodium sulphate isl : 8. The yield of the product is 31. 44g and the mass fraction of H_2O_2 in the product is 9.5%9.7% when adding 4g NaCI and 32g Na_2SO_4 to 25 mL 30~ H_2O_2 solution, and the product granule is fine. The mathematical model, which describes dependence of the yield on the adding mass of the sodium sulphate and sodium chloride, is obtained by bivariate non-linear regression, and the calculated results of the model are in good agreement with the experimental data and the maximum deviation is less than 5%.
Mass fraction
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