Clinically dynamic observation on the deformation process of Protaper rotary files
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Objective To investigate the damage process of Protaper rotary files.Methods Thirty sets of Protaper rotary files(Dentsply,21mm) were used to prepare bucal canals of upper first molars or mesial canals of lower first molars with Crown-Down method.After preparing each root canals,the file was examined with stereomicroscope.Results The morphological characteristics of files were classified into 3 types: normal,worn and damaged.The files used more,the more worn and damaged presented,especially for S1 and S2.Conclusion S1 and S2 represented more damages than other files in this study.It was recommended that the files should be used less than 5 times in heavily curved or narrow canals,and in this study no more than 13 times.Keywords:
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Objective: This ex-vivo study evaluated and compared the canal transportation of the prepared root canals and centering ratio maintained by Mtwo, Protaper and Twited Ni-Ti rotary files using Crown-Down technique.Materials and Method: Thirty non-carious extracted permanent human maxillary central incisors without any fracture and having Vertucci type I canal configuration were selected. The teeth were divided into 3 groups each group comprising of ten teeth. All the teeth were mounted on a wax block and pre instrumented canal CT Scan was performed. Access cavity preparation was done in group samples and canal was prepared using crown down technique by Mtwo, Protaper and Twisted NiTi Rotary file systems for the respective groups. Image analysis was done at 9 levels to access transportation and centricity ratio from pre and post instrumented CT scan images. The results showed that Software program determined the volume of pre and post instrumented canals.Results: The Canal transportation occurred least in root canals prepared by Twisted files, followed by canals prepared by Mtwo files and Protaper files. Centricity ratio was maintained the best in root canals prepared by twisted files.Conclusion: Within the parameters of this study, canals prepared by Twisted Files showed a well centered preparation and maintained the original shape of the root canal without any aberrations.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(2) 2017 p.212-218
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Objective To increase clinical use times of ProTaper rotary nickel-titanium instruments by improvement of root canal preparation,which ensuring clinical effect at the same time.Methods A total of 162 human teeth including 23 front teeth,28 premolars and 111 molars were mainly managed with ProTaper rotary instruments followed by the sequence of root canal exploration,working length measurement,root canal dredging with hand file,coronal preflaring on the third of root canal with GG rotary files.Lateral condensation was used for root canal obturation.The effect of preparation and obturation were analyzed with radiographs before,during and after operation.Results ProTaper rotary instruments kept original shape of root canal very well,and endodontic flare-up seldom occurred.The most,lest and average root canal numbers prepared by all 9 series of ProTaper rotary instruments were 51,35 and 41 respectively.Type SX,S1,S2,F1,F2,F3 had been used to 19.4,43.3,43.3,43.2,38.3,6.7 root canals respectively.Finally,two series were broken,tip ends of two series were distorted and another five series showed aging differently on file blade and handle.Conclusions Improvement of root canal preparation,skillful practice,particular records and well-done storage guaranteed the increasement of clinical use count of ProTaper rotary nickel-titanium instruments.The suggestion is that no more than 35 root canals involving anterior and posterior teeth be prepared with ProTaper rotary instruments.
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To evaluate clinical effect of the new ProTaper Nickel-titanium rotary instruments in preparation of curved root canals.68 teeth with curved root canals were instrumented by ProTaper rotary instruments using crown-down technique, and by K files using step-back technique for control. All teeth were obturated with lateral condensation method. The efficiency of preparation and obturation was analyzed with radiographs before, during and after operation.No transportation, apical blockage and ledge were found in test. The technique could keep the curvature and flow of curved canals. There were two ledge and more apical transportation (P < 0.01) in control than in test. The operative time was shorter and post treatment pain seldom occurred in ProTaper group.The ProTaper NiTi rotary instruments can prepare curved root canals effectively and safely. It is an efficient instrumentation method for curved canals and can be used widely.
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Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the fraction rate of ProTaper Universal and Neoniti rotary files during the preparation of simulated severely-curved root canals. Materials & Methods: A total of 70 resin blocks with simulated severely-curved canals were randomly divided into two groups and prepared with ProTaper Universal and Neoniti files. Each set of files was used for cleaning and shaping five canals; the files were sterilized after each application. Afterwards, the number of deformed and fractured files was recorded. Results: Deformation was reported in 11.4 and 19 of ProTaper and Neoniti files, respectively (P>0.05). Also, fraction was found in 11.4 of ProTaper files, while no fracture was reported in the Neoniti group; overall, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Based on the present findings, there was no significant difference between ProTaper Universal and Neoniti files with respect to the incidence of deformation or fracture during the preparation of severely-curved canals.
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Objective To analyze the characteristics of the separation of the rotary ProTaper Nickel-Titanium files.Methods In 4 years,2 750 root canals of 850 molars in 500 patients were instrumented by rotary ProTaper Nickel-Titanium files.After recording the times of application and classifying the used files,the separation and the distortion of the files were observed under dental microscope.Results All the root canal files had no separation and distortion before 40 root canals were instrumented.Most separation and distortion appeared after 50 root canals were instrumented.More canals were prepared,the rate of separate files were growed,the difference was significant(P0.05).Among all files,totally 6 F1 files separated and was the easiest one.The next one is F2.S2 was the last one.The difference was significant(P0.05).S1 was the easiest distorted among all the files by naked eyes.The next one is F3.SX,S2,F1,F2 weren't detected obvious distortion by dental microscope.The difference was significant(P0.05).Conclusion The rotary ProTaper Nickel-Titanium files can prepare root canals effectively and safely.Meanwhile,the problem of instrument separation and distortion should be prevented.
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The aim: To compare the quality of root canal system preparation with the use of manual K-files, machine Protaper Universal and Silk files by in vitro studies. Materials and methods: Root canals preparation in 45 extracted premolars was performed in three groups with 15 teeth in each with K-files, Protaper Universal and Silk files. Transverse sections of the dental root were prepared. Histologically were assessed: amount of sawdust and predentin remaining, the purity degree of root canal walls. Results: When calculating the sawdust amount at the distance of 3 mm from an apex, a high degree of contamination was observed in the manual K-file group: 53.3% versus 33.3% in the Protaper Universal group and against 20.0% in the Silk file group. The amount of predentin after root canal treatment with manual files reached 25-30%. At the distance of 5 mm from the apex the root canals with high and medium purity degree were detected in 86.7% with Silk files and 80.0% with Protaper Universal files used. All predentin was removed when working with Protaper Universal and Silk files. Conclusions: In the histological sections of the root canals treated with K-files, the larger amount of dentine particles and predentin has been revealed than when using machine tools. The largest amount of predentin and dentine were removed with Protaper Universal files. Silk endodontic system is better for treatment of the root canals dentine surface in the apical area compared to Protaper Universal and K-files.
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Objective To analyze the reasons of the breaking of the Hand ProTaper Nickel-Titanium files by recording the times of application and observing the morphological characteristics of the fracture surface of the instrument.Methods We collected 21 sets of the abandoned Hand ProTaper Nickel-titanium files(S1-F2,totally 105 files) and one new set file(S1-F2),then compared the profile damage from the appearance and the fracture surface of the files by naked eyes and scanning electron microscope (SEM).Results All the root canal files of cutting edge had no flaws by naked eyes.The observation of the side shape appearance of the files by SEM showed the used files cutting edge near the fracture section area had a lot of cracks,showing sharplyⅠtype flat fracture surface,and it should be classified as to the weary curved wreckage.But the new one had nothing.F2 file was the easiest broken among all the instruments,about 45-50 times before it was broken.The next one is S1,and the application time was about 55-60 times.The third was F1.The S2 was the last one.Conclusions Even the skillful operators should abandon the hand ProTaper for preventing file from breaking before it has been used for 45-50 root canal preparations.
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NiTi files fracture due to fatigue failure which occurs after mechanical degradation of files. ProTaper rotary instruments are claimed to generate lower torque values during the use. The corrosion on the surface of Protaper files as a result of chemical reactions of irrigants causes different defects and may lead early fracture. So the present study was undertaken to evaluate surface changes in ProTaper files after multiple uses in semi curved canals in conjugation with three different irrigants. ProTaper files were used to instrument extracted premolars and molars with three different irrigants. These files are then subjected to SEM analysis to evaluate different topographical defects. It was found to be that in NaOCl group 60% of the files did not show any defect after single use where as 85 % of the files show fracture and micro cracks after multiple canals in NaOCl group. In Chlorohexidine group 40% files did not show any defect after single use whereas all of the files show defect after multiple use with equal distribution of micro cracks, distortion and disruption of cutting edges. Similar distribution of defects has been seen with EDTA group.
Keywords: ProTaper Universal rotary files, single and multiple use, scanning electron microscope
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To evaluate the deformation of ProTaper rotary instruments using in root canals of different curvature in vitro.Extracted first mandibular molars were divided into two experimental groups according to the curvature of mesial buccal canals: group A with moderate curvature and group B with severe curvature. Only the mesial buccal canals of all these teeth were prepared with 6 sets of new ProTaper rotary instruments individually. Additionally, the control group was established with a set of new ProTaper rotary instruments. After finishing each canal preparation, the instruments accompanied by control were examined under the stereomicroscope by an inspector without knowing the group. If distortion, unwinding, abrasion or fracture occurred within one set of instruments, then the whole set was disposed. The sets without problems were in use until 30 times. After 5, 10, 20 times canal preparation, S1, F1 files without deformation under stereomicroscope were examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM).Deformation of ProTaper rotary instruments happened after 12 times in group A and after 7 times in group B. In these two experimental groups, microcracks were found increasing with the times of use under SEM in the instruments without deformation under stereomicroscope. The microcracks on tip of instruments were deep in the early use and became smoother after 10 times. Similar changes happened on knife-edge of instruments, and the microcracks extended over the edge after 20 times use.Root canals with severe curvature tend to damage ProTaper rotary instruments more frequently than moderately curved canals. ProTaper rotary instruments are appropriate to treat less than 7 root canals with severe curvature or 12 root canals with moderate curvature. Stereomicroscope is recommended to detect early damages on Ni-Ti rotary instruments, for preventing instruments fracture in clinic.
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Aim: The aim of the present in-vitro study was to evaluate the cutting efficiency of two nickel-titanium (NiTi) file systems, Twisted File (TF) and ProTaper file. Materials and Methods: Thirty extracted human primary tooth root canals were randomly divided into two groups with 15 root canals each. All the root canals after injected with Indian ink were instrumented with ProTaper Rotary NiTi files and Rotary NiTi TFs. All the root canals were then cleared to make them transparent. After the teeth appeared clear, they were observed under a stereomicroscope to check for residual Indian ink in the canals and scored. The data thus obtained were statistically analyzed with Chi-square test and Mann–Whitney test. Results: The mean of scoring of Group I, i.e., Rotary TF system, was 1.0. The mean of scoring of Group II, i.e., ProTaper Rotary file system, was 1.40. Conclusions: Root canal instrumentation of primary teeth showed nonsignificant differences in the cutting ability between the two systems of ProTaper and TF Rotary which were investigated, but signified a more even and uniform removal of dentin with the TF system.
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