[The analysis of plasma Urokinase-type plasminogen activator and Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor which unknown factor nosebleed patients].
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To investigate the pathogenesis of unknown nosebleed patients.The ELISA test were used to detected plasma Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) level in 19 cases unknown factor nosebleed patients and 36 health persons.The results showed uPAR and uPA level in nosebleed group (before treatment) uPAR (0.14 +/- 0.04) microg/L, uPA (0.24 +/- 0.09) microg/L; (after treatment) uPAR (0.08 +/- 0.02) microg/L, uPA (0.18 +/- 0.07) microg/L. And normal group uPAR (0.07 +/- 0.03) microg/L, uPA (0.17 +/- 0.05) microg/L. The uPAR and uPA level in nosebleed group before treatment is higher than that in normal group (P <0.05). There is no significant difference between nosebleed group after treatment and normal group (P>0.05).The reasons of uPAR and uPA level high in unknown factor nosebleed patients were not clear, maybe relation to vascular endothelial cell, smooth muscle cell and neutrophil-monocytic release more uPAR and uPA. So uPAR and uPA density of nostril accumulation is more high in its microenvironment, that fibrinolytic system activated increase and result in its hyperactivity, and happened nosebleed when blood be in hypocoagulable state.Cite
It has become more and more clear in recent decades that the plasminogen activation system, which includes urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA), urokinase‐type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)‐1 and PAI‐2, plays a very important role in the aggressiveness of cancer. Using immunohistochemistry and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the expression of these four components of the uPA system was analyzed in 19 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 18 cases of the adjacent non‐cancer tissues which all had chronic active hepatitis with liver fibrosis or liver cirrhosis. Four cases of normal liver tissues, as controls for immunohistochemical stains, were obtained from the hepatectomized liver of patients with metastatic cancer in the liver. The positive rates of uPA, uPAR, PAI‐1 and PAI‐2 for immunohistochemical stains in cancer tissues were 78.9, 68.4, 57.9 and 31.6%, respectively. Positive signals were mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of the cancer and in stromal cells. Moreover, the strong stains were chiefly located in the invasive front of the cancer cells. No specific stain was detected in four cases of normal liver tissues. In ELISA, there were significant differences between cancer and non‐cancer tissues in concentration of uPA, uPAR and PAI‐1 ( P < 0.0003, 0.0024 and 0.01, respectively), but there was no significant difference in that of PAI‐2 ( P = 0.37). These results suggest that uPA, uPAR and PAI‐1 are related to invasion of HCC.
Liver Cancer
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胶质瘤是人中枢神经系统最常!^L的恶性肿瘤.过去三十年中,尽管手术方法和辅助性治疗手段上取得了不小的进展.但是由于肿瘤的高度侵袭性和富血管化.以及瘤细胞耐寿性和对放疗的不敏感[1-3],恶性胶质瘤患者的预后还是很差.实验表明.尿激酶型纤溶蛋白激活物(urokinase-type plasminogen activator,uPA) 及其受体(urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor,uPAR)与胶质瘤的侵袭性和血管生成有密切关系.本文就其近年的研究进展综述如下。
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Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
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Proteolysis
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Objective To investigate the relationship between plasma level of urokinase-type plasminogen activator(uPA),urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor(uPAR)and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1(PAI-1)and ovarian cancer.Method The concentration of uPA,uPAR and PAI-1 in 52 patients with ovarian cancer and 30 healthy subjects were simultaneously determined by ELISA.Results There were significant differences for uPA and uPAR in different grades of the patients with ovarian cancer(P0.01).However,there was no significant difference for PAI-1 in ovarian cancer patients with different grades.There were significant differences in PAI-1,uPA,uPAR between the patients with ovarian cancer and healthy subjects(P0.01).Conclusion uPA,uPAR and PAI-1 may play important roles and be used as the parameters for progression and reimplantation of ovarian malignant cancer cells.
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Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
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Objective To investigate the changes of the plasma urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage and it's clinical significance.Methods The plasma level of uPA and uPAR were measured by sandwich ELISA in 64 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage and 30 normal healthy subjects.Results Compared with uPA (1075±244ng/L) and uPAR(877±216ng/L) in healthy control group, patients with intracerebral hemorrhage had higher levels of uPA(2866±788ng/L)and uPAR(3645±322ng/L),and there were distinctly difference(P0.01).The severer the patient's degrees was,the higher uPA and uPAR were.Conclusions The increase of uPA and uPAR level is associated with brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage.The uPA and uPAR level is helpful to evaluate the severity of the patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.
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Objection To study the effect of blood urokinase type plasminogen activator(UPA),urokinase type plasminogen activatorreceptor(UPAR) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1(PAI 1) on tumorous transference and prognosis.Method The levels of UPA, UPAR and PAI 1 in 50 malignant tumor patients and 20 normals were measured by ELISA.Results UPA level of lymphadenoma, UPA and PAI-1 levels of lung cancer and UPA, UPAR and PAI 1 levels of esophageal carcinoma,intestinal carcinoma and breast cancer significantly increased(P0.05～0.01); In tumor group, statistical differences have been found in UPA levels between mid stage or advanced stage and early stage tumors, UPA,and PAI 1 levels between transferred and non transferred tumors,and UPA, UPAR and PAI 1 levels between died and living tumors(P0.05～0.01).Conclusion Levels of UPA UPAR and PAI 1 increased significantly in malignant tumor patients. The PAI-1 is related to tumorous transference and prognosis.
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The plasminogen activation system plays an important role in enhancing pericellular proteolysis of tumor invasion/metastasis and in autocrine/paracrine tumor growth stimulation. To investigate the prognostic significance of the plasminogen activation system in human chondrosarcoma, the immunohistochemical expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), plasminogen activator inhibitor, 1 (PAI-1) and 2 (PAI-2) were analyzed in 28 patients with chondrosarcoma. In multivariate survival analysis, histological grade (p = 0.0008) and location (p = 0.02) were independent risk factors for local relapse. For metastasis-free survival, uPA index (p = 0.006) and PAI-2 index (p = 0.04) were independent prognostic factors. PAI-2 index (p = 0.02), uPAR index (p = 0.02) and histological grade (p = 0.03) predicted total survival. These results demonstrated the usefulness of uPA, uPAR and PAI-2 expression as biological prognostic indicator and the importance of the plasminogen activation system in tumor progression and metastasis in chondrosarcoma.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
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Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
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Abstract We investigated whether the expression levels of urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA), uPA receptor (uPAR), and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) correlate with clinicopathological features of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We immunohistochemically examined the expression levels of uPA, uPAR, and PAI‐1 in 160 biopsy specimens of oral SCC. Positive stainings for uPA, uPAR, and PAI‐1 were observed mainly in SCC cells, and their intensity and number of positive cells were related to lymph node involvement ( p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). The expression levels of uPA and uPAR were also related to the pattern of invasion ( p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively), while both were associated with tumor size ( p < 0.05). Moreover, a poor survival rate was related to the expression of uPAR ( p < 0.01) and PAI‐1 ( p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the uPA system may regulate the invasion and metastasis of oral SCC cells.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
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