Microbial Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil Environment and Combined Bioremediation of PAHs Contaminated Soils
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Biodegradation of persistent organic pollutants in soils and bioremediation of the contaminated soils are internationally hot topics in the frontier field of environmental remediation science and technology. This review focused on PAHs degrading microorganisms,and microbial degradation mechanisms,and their application to bioremediation. In addition,prospects were discussed of exploitation and application of combined bioremediation engineering and technology for PAHs contaminated soils.Keywords:
Bioaugmentation
Human decontamination
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of persistent pollutants that are widely distributed in the environment. Due to their stable structure and poor degradability, PAHs exhibit carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic toxicity to the ecological environment and organisms, thus increasing attentions have been paid to their removals and remediation. Green, safe and economical technologies are widely used in the bioremediation of PAHs-contaminated soil. This article summarizes the present status of PAHs pollution in soil of China from the aspects of origin, migration, fate, and pollution level. Meanwhile, the types of microorganisms and plants capable of degrading PAHs, as well as the underlying mechanisms, are summarized. The features of three major bioremediation technologies, i.e., microbial remediation, phytoremediation, and joint remediation, are compared. Analysis of the interaction mechanisms between plants and microorganisms, selection and cultivation of stress-resistant strains and plants, as well as safety and efficacy evaluation of practical applications, are expected to become future directions in this field.
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Biostimulation
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
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This volume focuses on innovative bioremediation techniques and applications for the cleanup of contaminated media and sites. It includes quantitative and design methods that elucidate the relationships among various operational parameters, and waste chemistry that defines the cost effectiveness of bioremediation projects. It also presents numerica
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most common organic pollutants in soil, water and sediments worldwide. Bioremediation is a process that relies on biodegradation, which is the partial or total transformation, detoxification or removal of pollutants by microorganisms, plants and/or enzymes. In this chapter, bioremediation approaches for PAHs are discussed and divided in two main categories: aerobic and anaerobic degradation. There are several approaches to bioremediate contaminated soils and sediments under aerobic conditions including composting, landfarming, microbial degradation (algal, fungal and bacterial) and phytoremediation. The success of each strategy depends on microbial degradation (both aerobic and anaerobic) are discussed in detail.
Degradation
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