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    Synthesizing graphitic spheres using asphaltene-based materials by vacuum heat treatment
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    Abstract:
    This paper aimed at the high added value use of a deoiled asphaltene.Monodispersed highly graphitized graphitic spheres (GSs)with high thermal stability were synthesized by vacuum thermal processing followed chemical vapor deposition (CVD).The carbon microbeds and the synthesized GSs were compared by means of SEM,HRTEM,XRD and TGA.Vacuum thermal processed GSs are of high degree of graphitization and good thermal stability.The disordered structure of carbon microbeds were thermodynamically propelled to transit to the graphitic structure,forming the GSs.
    Keywords:
    Thermal Stability
    Asphaltene
    Carbon fibers
    Thermal Treatment
    Ultra-high vacuum
    Carbon spheres were prepared by catalytical pyrolysis method and graphitized at 2300℃ and 2800℃.The microstructure and crystal structure of carbon spheres were characterized by TEM and XRD,respectively.Results show that the as-grown carbon spheres exhibit spherical structure with low regular crystal structure.When preparing at 3000 ml/min and 4000 ml/min of hydrogen flow rates,carbon spheres with onion-like structure are obtained.Iron particles with diameter from few nanometers to 30 nm disperse in carbon spheres.After graphitization, the spherical structure of carbon spheres changes into polyhedron structure,and iron particles are gotten rid of.When graphitizing at 2800℃,the graphite-layer distances of carbon spheres decrease and graphitization degrees increase.The crystal structure of carbon spheres becomes very regular.
    Carbon fibers
    Crystal (programming language)
    Citations (0)
    Franklin divided carbonaceous materials except diamond into graphitized and ungraphitized. Graphitization involves displacement and rearrangement of small groups of planes to achieve three dimensional ordering. In graphitized carbon the elementary crystallites are mobile with weak crosslinking. In graphitization, non-organized carbon is consumed first and then the incipient graphitic structure commences. In non-graphitizable carbon, cross linking develops between neighbouring randomly oriented elementary crystallites resulting in a rigid, immobile mass being formed. From the investigations of carbonaceous adsorbent preparation using different raw materials, it has been observed that the differences between graphitizing and non-graphitizing carbon are not limited to their crystallographic structure, but are also demonstrated by other properties such as magnetic susceptibility, the optical properties and the concentration of unpaired electron2−3. The use of these materials as adsorbents, catalysts and catalyst supports and chromatographic column packing is well documented4−11. It is known that thermal treatment produces the structural changes in these materials. The adsorbent and catalytic properties of these materials are enhanced with the increase in ordered structure or crystallinity. The aim of the present work was to study the structural modifications in graphitized and ungraphitized carbon as a result of thermal treatment.
    Carbon fibers
    Citations (26)
    Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4) sheets were synthesized via the pyrolysis of melamine at 1 000 K under vacuum.X-ray diffraction patterns strongly indicate that the synthesized carbon nitride was g-C3N4.Transmission electron microscopic images indicate that the product was mainly composed of graphitic carbon nitride sheets.The chemical bonding of the sample was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
    Graphitic carbon nitride
    Carbon nitride
    Carbon fibers
    Characterization
    Citations (2)