MODULATION OF THE INTERLEUKIN-13 SIGNALING PATHWAY IN THE RAT ALCOHOLIC LUNG.
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Chronic alcohol exposure in rats induces oxidative stress in the lung via the angiotensin II pathway and elicits an increase in expression of the profibrotic mediator, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). In addition, fibronectin expression is increased in the lungs of alcohol-fed rats. These data strongly suggest that profibrotic mechanisms are activated in response to chronic alcohol exposure, and if true, this would suggest that alcohol abuse might increase the risk of fibrotic lung diseases. Consistent with this hypothesis, we have recently determined that alcohol ingestion increases TGF-β1 expression and collagen deposition in an experimental model of obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) following tracheal transplantation in rats. Another profibrotic cytokine, interleukin-13 (IL-13), has been shown to be an important mediator of tissue remodeling/fibrosis in the lung and may act upstream of the TGF-β1 pathway. We hypothesized that alterations in the expression of IL-13 or its receptors could contribute to alcohol-mediated amplification of profibrotic mediators in the alcoholic lung. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed whole lungs and type II alveolar epithelial cells isolated from alcohol-fed rats, as well as mouse lung fibroblasts exposed to alcohol in vitro, for various components of the IL-13 signaling pathway. Gene expression of IL-13, along with the α1 and α2 subunits of its receptor (IL-13Rα1 and IL-13Rα2), was examined by assessing mRNA levels by RT-PCR. In parallel, IL-13Rα2 protein expression was determined by immunostaining. We found that IL-13Rα2 protein was expressed in the whole lung, lung fibroblasts, and type II epithelial cells. RT-PCR analyses indicated that whole lung expresses all three components of the IL-13 signaling pathway. Although lungs from alcohol-fed rats displayed decreased IL-13 mRNA expression, IL-13Rα1 expression was increased, and a marked elevation in IL-13Rα1mRNA expression was observed in alcohol-treated primary lung fibroblasts. Associated with the increase in IL-13Rα1 mRNA in lung fibroblasts was an increase in α-smooth muscle actin protein expression, suggesting fibroblast transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts, which is a cardinal feature of fibrotic diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and bronchiolitis obliterans. These data suggest that IL-13 and its receptors play a role in alcohol-mediated activation of profibrotic mechanisms. In particular, we speculate that alcohol abuse increases IL-13Rα1 expression, which could heighten the response of cells in the lung to IL-13, thereby amplifying TGF-β1-induced fibroblast activation and subsequent tissue remodeling.Keywords:
Modulation (music)
Interquartile range
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
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Mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs) signaling pathways exist in the majority of all living organisms' cells.They can be important signal transduction pathway for mammalian cells and can stimulate cell surface signal transduction from the cell to their nucleus.MAPKs are related to cell proliferation,survival,differentiation and apoptosis.When the organism heat stress occurs,MAPKs signaling pathways are activated,which can regulate and cause a series of changes about the biological function.In this review,we introduce that MAPKs signal transduction pathway activation mechanism and biological effects,with an emphasis on the relationship between MAPKs pathways and heat stress response.
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Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (cIAP1) is a cell signaling regulator of the IAP family. Through its E3-ubiquitine ligase activity, it has the ability to activate intracellular signaling pathways, modify signal transduction pathways by changing protein-protein interaction networks, and stop signal transduction by promoting the degradation of critical components of signaling pathways. Thus, cIAP1 appears to be a potent determinant of the response of cells, enabling their rapid adaptation to changing environmental conditions or intra- or extracellular stresses. It is expressed in almost all tissues, found in the cytoplasm, membrane and/or nucleus of cells. cIAP1 regulates innate immunity by controlling signaling pathways mediated by tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRs), some cytokine receptors and pattern recognition-receptors (PRRs). Although less documented, cIAP1 has also been involved in the regulation of cell migration and in the control of transcriptional programs.
Inhibitor of apoptosis
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We reported a 23-year-old female, 2 months pregnant presented with cough and blood streaked sputum (Hemoptysis) since two weeks ago. Chest CT scan showed simultaneous multiple cystic lesions in the lungs and heart. After therapeutic abortion, the patient was operated via median sternotomy incision and all hydatid cysts were extracted of the lung and heart. The patient was discharged after one week with good condition. The abdominal and pelvic sonography of the patient was also normal with no cystic lesions. No endo-bronchial lesions or malignant cells were reported in bronchoscopy
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Hydatid cyst
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Бұл зерттеужұмысындaКaно моделітурaлы жәнеоғaн қaтыстытолықмәліметберілгенжәнеуниверситетстуденттерінебaғыттaлғaн қолдaнбaлы (кейстік)зерттеужүргізілген.АхметЯссaуи университетініңстуденттеріүшін Кaно моделіқолдaнылғaн, олaрдың жоғaры білімберусaпaсынa қоятынмaңыздытaлaптaры, яғнисaпaлық қaжеттіліктері,олaрдың мaңыздылығытурaлы жәнесaпaлық қaжеттіліктерінеқaтыстыөз университетінқaлaй бaғaлaйтындығытурaлы сұрaқтaр қойылғaн. Осы зерттеудіңмaқсaты АхметЯсaуи университетіндетуризмменеджментіжәнеқaржы бaкaлaвриaт бaғдaрлaмaлaрыныңсaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңқaжеттіліктерінaнықтaу, студенттердіңқaнaғaттaну, қaнaғaттaнбaу дәрежелерінбелгілеу,білімберусaпaсын aнықтaу мен жетілдіружолдaрын тaлдaу болыптaбылaды. Осы мaқсaтқaжетуүшін, ең aлдыменКaно сaуaлнaмaсы түзіліп,116 студенткеқолдaнылдыжәнебілімберугежәнеоның сaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңтaлaптaры мен қaжеттіліктерітоптықжұмыстaрaрқылыaнықтaлды. Екіншіден,бұл aнықтaлғaн тaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктерКaно бaғaлaу кестесіменжіктелді.Осылaйшa, сaпa тaлaптaры төрт сaнaтқa бөлінді:болуытиіс, бір өлшемді,тaртымдыжәнебейтaрaп.Соңындa,қaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaудың мәндеріесептелдіжәнестуденттердіңқaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaу деңгейлерінжоғaрылaту мен төмендетудеосытaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктердіңрөліaйқын aнықтaлды.Түйінсөздер:сaпa, сaпaлық қaжеттіліктер,білімберусaпaсы, Кaно моделі.
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The nationally-recognized Susquehanna
Chorale will delight audiences of all
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performances have been described
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music making, successful in their
aim to make the audience feel,
to be moved, to be part of the
performance - and all this while
working at an extremely high
musical level.AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA¢AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA Experience choral
singing that will take you to new
heights!
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