Variation in Chemical Composition of Essential Oil of Ferulago angulata Collected from West Parts of Iran
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Abstract:
Background: Knowledge of diversity and variability of different plants is a main prerequisite and the first step in extraction of main compounds of them. The objective of the current research was to investigate main chemical composition of the essential oils of Ferulago angulata (Schlecht.) Boiss aerial parts collected from western parts of Iran (Kurdestan, Kermanshah and Lorestan provinces). Methods: Identification of the essential oils was performed by analytical gas chromatograph coupled with mass spectrometer detector (GC/MS). Results: The major compounds of essential oils of the aerial parts of plants were α-pinene (25.82%), Z-β-ocimene (23.48%), bornyl acetate (9.94%), germacrene D (4.01%), myrcene (3.06%), ɣ-terpinene (3%), limonene (2.27%) and p-cymene (1.99%). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the main components of the essential oils belong to monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons.Keywords:
Myrcene
Chemotype
Monoterpene
Germacrene
Abstract Volatile compounds of Colombian round kumquat (Fortunella japonica Swingle) peel oil were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS, which led to the identification of 106 compounds, of which 46 were identified for the first time in round kumquat. Limonene was the most abundant compound, comprising 76.7% of peel oil. In addition to limonene, myrcene, germacrene D and linalool and were found as major constituents.
Myrcene
Germacrene
Eucalyptol
Germacrene D
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A study was performed on kumquat peel extracted by different methods: hydrodistillation, solvent and supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extractions at a density of 281 g/dm3 (80 bar and 40°C of temperature) and 875 g/dm3 (250 bar and 40°C temperature). A total of 24 compounds were quantified: 8 monoterpene hydrocarbons, 6 terpene alcohols, 1 terpene aldehyde, 1 ketones terpene, 4 terpene esters, 4 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. The amount of the major compound, limonene, in the essential oil obtained from Kumquat peel is high (96%), followed myrcene (1.6-1.7%) and the germacrene-D (0.9-1.4%). The three studied extractions (hydrodistillate, solvent and SC-CO2) present a similar composition regarding to limonene, myrcene and germacrene-D.
Terpene
Germacrene
Myrcene
Monoterpene
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
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솔잎흑파리 耐蟲性 Pinus thunbergii의 選拔木 7…15個體와 被害木 8∼15個體에 對하여 針葉內 monoterpenes組成을 1月과 6月에 各各 調査하고, 그리고 솔잎흑파리의 産卵 選擇性에 對하여 調査하여 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다.
1. 1月에 選拔木이 增加하는 成分은 myrcene, limonene, β-phellandrene과 terpinolene이고, 減少하는 成分은 α-pinene, camphene과 β-pinene이다. 그리고 6月에 選拔木이 增加하는 성분은 α-pinene, camphene, limonene, β-phellandrene과 terpinolene이고, 減少하는 成分은 β-pinene과 myrcene이다.
2. 6月에 選拔木이 被害木보다 limonene은 6.8%가 增加하고, β-pinene은 9.2%가 減少한다.
3. 選拔木에도 피해목에서와 같이 相當한 數의 産卵을 하나 蟲瓔形成率은 大端히 低下한다.
以上을 要約 結論하면 本 硏究로 Pinus thunbergii 針葉內의 monoterpene中 limonene과 β-pinene의 兩 成分은 季節에 關係없이 耐蟲性 檢定에 有效하다고 할 수 있다.
Camphene
Myrcene
Monoterpene
Pinus thunbergii
Pinene
alpha-Pinene
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Boxelder bugs, Boisea trivittata, are deterred from predation by green anoles (Anolis carolinensis). Hydrodistillation and GC-MS analysis reveals B. trivittata to contain the volatile monoterpene hydrocarbons beta-pinene (83.9%), limonene (14.7%), myrcene (0.8%), and (E)-beta-ocimene (0.6%). The presence of these antifeedant volatile chemicals may serve to provide some protection of boxelder bugs from predation.
Myrcene
Monoterpene
Terpene
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Abstract The composition of five leaf (needle) essential oils produced by individual plants of Juniperus communis growing wild in five locations of eastern Lithuania was determined by GC and GC/MS. α-Pinene dominated in all leaf oils (40.3–66.5%). β-Phellandrene (four oils) andô-3-carene (one oil) were the second most abundant compounds, followed by other major monoterpene constituents such as myrcene, sabinene and limonene. Monoterpene hydrocarbons made up 70.8–84.0% of juniper leaf oils. One hundred twenty five identified constituents comprised 97.7–99.8% of the essential oils.
Sabinene
Juniperus communis
Cupressaceae
Myrcene
Monoterpene
Terpene
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Der 72–Chromosomen Cytotyp von Mentha piperita stellt entweder einen Menthon–Menthol Chemotyp mit Pfefferminzgeruch und entsprechender Ölzusammensetzung dar (var. officinalis Sole) oder einen Carvon Chemotyp, der verschiedentlich fälschlicherweise M. aquatica var. crispa (L.) Benth. zugerechnet wird. M. citrata wird häufig als eine Varietät von M. aquatica betrachtet und 50–90 % der Mentha citrata Hybriden mit M. spicata gehören einem Linalool/ Linalylacetat Chemotyp an und werden verschiedentlich als M. piperita var. citrata (Ehrh.) Briq. bezeichnet.
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Monoterpene
Terpene
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Hydrodistilled essential oils from the leaves of Acmadenia alternifolia Cham., A. obtusata (Thunb.) Batl. et H.L. Wendle and A. sheilae I. Williams were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-two compounds were characterized in the oil of A. alternifolia representing 94.6% of the total composition. Main compounds were monoterpene hydrocarbons: β-pinene (30.6%), β-phellandrene (17.8%), α-pinene (14.5%), limonene (6.9%) and sabinene (6.6%). Forty-seven compounds were characterized in the oil of A. obtusata representing 96.7% of the oil with monoterpene hydrocarbons α-pinene (27.4%), β-phellandrene (23.2%), β-pinene (15.1%) and limonene (7.5%) and a linear monoterpene alcohol linalool (7.6%) as main constituents. In the oil of A. sheilae, 26 compounds were characterized representing 94.6% of the total oil. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were also predominant in this oil with acyclic monoterpene myrcene (25.1%) together with sabinene (16.1%), β-pinene (9.3%), α-pinene (9.3%) and linalool (9.0%) as main constituents.
Sabinene
Monoterpene
Myrcene
Terpene
Pinene
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The essential oils from inflorescences, fruits and leaves of Phellodendron lavallei Dode were analyzed by GC, GC/MS and IH NMR spectroscopy. About 100 compounds were identified. The principal components in the fruit oil were myrcene (47.7-52.0%) and limonene (38.4-40.9%), followed by germacrene D (1.2-3.2%) and (E)-p-caryophyllene (2.4-2.9%). The inflorescence oil contained mainly myrcene (44.8%), limonene (43.2%) and (E)-β-ocimene (4.1%). The main constituents of the leaf oil were limonene (26.7%) myrcene (22.1%), (E,E)-a-famesene (5.6%) and a-pinene (5.0%). The antibacterial activity was examined towards both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The fruit oil showed weak activity against the bacteria tested.
Myrcene
Germacrene
Terpene
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Abstract Essential oils were obtained from leaves of seven Crassocephalum species and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Forty-three compounds representing 92-99% of the oils were identified. Only C. biafrae showed preponderant amounts of sesquiterpenes: among them germacrene D was the most abundant. In the other analyzed samples, monoterpene hydrocarbons predominated. The principal constituents in this group were α-phellandrene, p-cymene, pinenes, myrcene, limonene and (E)-β-ocimene.
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Monoterpene
Germacrene
p-Cymene
Terpene
Aromatic plants
Germacrene D
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