Investigations of the colourimetric and fastness properties of wool dyed with colorants extracted from Indian madder using reflectance spectroscopy
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Keywords:
Mordant
Standard illuminant
Natural dye
Alum
Color difference
Chromaticity
Anthraquinones
Hue
Dyeing of cotton fabric withCuminum cyminumL. as a natural dye and its comparison with synthetic dye
In the present study, an attempt has been made to dye the industrially bleached woven cotton fabric with Cuminum cyminum L., commonly known as cumin seeds, as a source of natural dye which has not been exploited as natural dye by far. Optimization of natural dye extraction from cumin seeds with respect to buffer mediums; acidic, neutral and alkaline and dyeing parameters viz., dyeing time, dyeing temperature, dyeing pH and electrolyte concentration was done. Dyeing of cotton fabric was carried out with the aqueous extract of cumin seeds with and without mordant. Dyeings obtained without mordants were compared with those obtained by pre-mordanting with tannic acid and various metallic mordants viz., potassium aluminium sulphate, ferrous sulphate, copper sulphate, stannous chloride and potassium dichromate and their combinations. Typical shades obtained with the natural dye were matched with commercially available reactive dyes and compared with fastness properties and indicative costs. From the results, it could be said that the natural dye extracted from cumin seeds has good potential in the textile dyeing market and can be exploited further.
Mordant
Natural dye
Cuminum
Potassium dichromate
Lawsonia inermis
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Tegeran wood (Cudrania javanensis) has been used for dyeing process of batik in Indonesian textile small medium scale enterprise. This wood gave soga color when it was mixed with others natural dye. This study was aim to evaluate the caharacteristic, fastness properties, and strength color of dyed cotton fabrics using C. javanensis with bio-mordant soka leaves extract. Extraction of C. javanensis was carried out using water. The post mordant process was carried out by applying alum (KAl(SO 4 ) 2 •12H 2 O) solution and soka leaves extract on cotton fabrics with the concentration of 0.5 and 1% b/v. Characteristic of dyed cotton fabrics then was evaluated using Fourier-Transform Infrared (F-TIR) Spectroscopy. The results exhibited that, binding between tegeran wood on cotton using mordant alum and soka leaves extract was similar.The fastness properties both dyed cottons toward light and washing at 40ºC exhibited poor and very poor values with values of 1-2 and 1. The dry and wet rubbing of dyed cotton using soka leaves extract mordant better than using alum. The soka leaves extract gave yellow and brightness color on cotton.The results suggested that soka leaves extract can be used as mordant substitute the alum mordant and apllied with others natural dyes.
Mordant
Alum
Natural dye
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Mordant
Natural dye
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Indonesia has high potential for biodiversity of flora as a natural dye. Noja leaf (Peristrophe bivalvis) has potential as a red natural dye. The major component of the extract of its leaf is phenoxazine. The influence of mordant type, mordant concentration, and dyeing process temperature on the performance of the dyeing process was studied. The dyeing performances of the dyeing process were appreciated by measuring the colour strength parameter (K/S). Optimization of the dyeing process was done with Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Colour fastness to sunlight, washing, and rubbing was performed. Dyeing with noja leaf extract was done on a water bath with variation of mordant type used was alum (potassium aluminium sulphate), ferrous sulphate and calcium oxide with variation concentration 5%, 10%, and 15 % of the weight of the fabric at temperature variations of 50, 60 and 70°C. The optimum condition of fabric dyed with noja leaf extract is achieved at 61°C using ferrous sulphate as mordant with 10.96% concentration yielding colour strength value (K/S) of 0.597. The results of the sunlight, washing, and rubbing fastness test indicate that the natural dye from the leaves of the leaves is quite good as a natural textile dye.
Mordant
Natural dye
Alum
Rubbing
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A moderate approach was used to extract natural dye from wild Phytolaccaceae berries, and the stability and dyeing properties on the silk fabric of the exacted Phytolaccaceae natural dye was investigated. Via stability analysis, the natural dye had excellent stability during heating, pH or adding Metal ions. When the dyeing temperature was 30ºC, the K/S value of the dyed silk fabric was 6.3, and with SnCl2 mordant, the K/S value was increased 14.3%. The rubbing and washing fastness via metal mordant were increased by 0.5–1.5 grade compared to the fastness of fabric treated with direct dyeing method.
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Natural dye
Rubbing
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This article describes the process of dyeing bleached wool fibers with natural dyes using aluminum, iron and copper salts as a mordant (the coloristic features of the cinnabar dyeing process are studied). The staining process was carried out in three different sequences: pre-treatment with mordants, then staining in a natural dye solution (I); one-bath dyeing in a solution of dye and mordant (II); dyeing in a solution of natural dye, followed by treatment with mordants (III). The influence of the staining sequence on the quality of staining was evaluated by data determined under standard illumination D65 on a laboratory colorimeter. The article shows the dependence of the processes of dyeing wool with natural dyes Madder (Rubia tinctorum L.), Turmeric (Cúrcuma lónga) and Carmine (Minium - cinnabar) on the presence and place of pickling salts in the technological wiring. Madder dye itself gives a golden color, and in the presence of copper sulfate and iron gives a pale brown color, and potassium dichromate gives a bright saturated red color. When dyeing wool with Carmine dye in the presence of iron and copper salts as mordants, carmine wool gives 1.5-2.5 times more intense dark red colors, depending on the dyeing method, than when dyed without salts. The dependence of the color intensity on the pH of the medium has been studied, taking into account the fact that the pH of the dyeing process affects the strength and color parameters of the colors obtained on wool fiber with natural dyes. An IR spectral analysis of samples dyed with the studied dyes was carried out in comparison with undyed wool fiber to identify the nature of the occurrence of bonds between wool fiber and natural dyes.
Mordant
Natural dye
Potassium dichromate
Indigo carmine
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Abstract The application of natural dyes is increasing each year due to their environmental friendliness and easy application on cellulose fibers. In this study, the natural dye from the Mexican marigold flower was extracted using a Soxhlet extraction apparatus. The extracted natural dye was applied on lyocell fabric with five different metallic salts using pre-mordanting and post-mordanting methods. It was observed that different color shade depth was achieved with different fixing agents. The color shade depth (K/S) washing fastness, light fastness, rubbing fastness, perspiration, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) test results of all dyed samples were excellent in both pre- and post-mordanting methods. There was no significant difference in the results between post- and pre-mordanting fixation methods. However, the results showed that mordant ferrous sulfate had higher K/S value as compared to all other mordants. The dye extracted from marigold flower showed good dyeing efficiency with mordant to excellent colorfastness tests. FTIR results showed that there was no structural change in lyocell fabrics, before and after dyeing processes. Thus, a natural dye extracted from marigold flower has shown good colorfastness properties without damaging its fiber structure.
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Natural dye
Lyocell
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Plant-based natural dyes are eco-friendly and less allergic to the human body. Different reports on toxicity and allergic reactions that appeared in synthetic dyes cause interest in natural dyes in recent years. The present study focused on the feasibility of aqueous extraction of plant dyes from the bark of Ficus religiosa (Peepal), a historical tree of Hindu culture. Extracted dyes were characterized by ultra-violet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to reveal the structural and functional confirmation of extracted dye. Dye was used for dyeing fabric using both natural and commercial mordant. Mordants such as lemon juice and metallic salts such as potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), copper sulphate (CuSO4.5H2O), and iron sulphate (FeSO4) are used to set extracted dye on cotton fabrics and other fibers. This research aims to find the effectiveness and feasibility study of the use of natural mordant instead of metallic mordant. The use of natural dyeing with natural mordant is very effective for health purpose but found to be expensive.
Mordant
Natural dye
Potassium dichromate
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The use of natural colorants in modern dye factories is a potential green chemistry idea that should be widely promoted to minimize the dependency of wool dyeing on some hazardous and non-biodegradable synthetic colors. In this study, an effort was undertaken to see if Rheum emodi (rhubarb) extract might be used as a natural dye for wool dyeing for the replacement of synthetic dyes. The dyeing of wool fabric was carried out using microwave (MW) ray treatment. By combining several mordants, a stunning color palette of shades of varying hues and tones was created. Comparative evaluation of the effects of various chemical mordants (aluminum salt, iron salt, tannic acid and cream of tartar) and bio-mordants (pomegranate extract and pine nut hull extract) on the characteristics of dyed wool samples was carried out to choose the best mordant for each application. It was found that MW-treated wool fabric using a bio-mordant showed a higher colorfastness value of 4/5 to 5 and a color strength value of approximately 10–20 than using metallic mordant. Scanning electron microscopy photographs and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed the difference between irradiated and unirradiated wool fabrics. The employment of MW rays and bio-mordants in the natural coloring of wool fabric is encouraged due to their biocompatibility and non-toxicity when combined with MW treatment of wool fabric, as well as their high colorfastness and color strength performance. As a result, naturally extracted dyes from rhubarb can be a replacement for synthetic dyes for the coloration of wool fabric in the textile industry due to their environmental friendliness.
Mordant
Natural dye
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A natural dye is extracted from turmeric and used to dye cotton at different dyeing conditions. Then the fastness properties of the dyeings with different dyeing techniques are compared. The dye is found to have good saturation and rubbing fastness, but poor washing and light fastness properties on cotton, when applied without any mordant. When dyeing is implemented with mordants, washing and light fastness properties show improvement while rubbing fastness exhibits deterioration. Finally, comparative studies between natural and synthetic reactive dyes reveal that the natural dye has the potential to act as a co-partner with reactive dyes with a few compromises.
Mordant
Natural dye
Rubbing
Reactive dye
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