IMPROVEMENT IN GROUNDWATER RESOURCES CONTAMINATED WITH NITRATE USING NANO ZERO VALENT IRON/NICKEL PARTICLES
M R Fadaee TehraniMehdi VosoughiAref Yadollahi Jutima Simsiriwong Scott M. Thompson Nima ShamsaeiMonireh Noori
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Zerovalent iron
Contaminated groundwater
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Zero valent iron (ZVI) is an electron donor that is used to reduce or indirectly oxidize several contaminants in soil and groundwater (e.g. halogenated species). The development of stable nano-scale ZVI (nZVI) products has gained a growing interest in environmental remediation with numerous applications all over the world. Several studies addressed both treatment efficiency and ecotoxicological effects of nano-based products for site remediation. However only a few information related to nZVI use for the treatment of marine sediments slightly polluted by heavy metals are available. The present study was aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of nZVI treatment for the decontamination of marine sediments polluted by heavy metals, using the commercial product Nanofer 25s. Two kinds of experiments labelled as (i) sediment at low dosage (2, 3 and 4 g nZVI per kg of SS) and (ii) sediment at high dosage (5, 10 and 20 g nZVI for every kg SS) were performed on sieved sediment with a size < 5 mm. The optimal amount of nZVI to be potentially used for sediment reclamation was identified. According to results, nZVI is more suitable to be used for specific elements removal rather than to be applied for a generalised contamination, meaning that a mix of techniques can be suggested for whole sediment remediation.
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Various techniques for remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated by volatile organic chlorinated compounds (VOCs) are developed and applied for many sites. Reactive barrier technique by usingzero-valent iron as tractive agent has applied to remediate VOCs contaminated site. It has developed and used as apassive remediation to prevent contamination leakage. In this repot, test scale field experiment is conducted to clarify the effectiveness of reactive pile using zero-valent iron for VOCs contamination source. Trichlomethylene decomposed from over 200mg/L to regulation revel by iron powder during 2 months monitoring. Zero-valent iron powder is applicable for degrading high concentration of dissolved VOCs, and active remediation by reactive pile technique is applicable for contamination source.
Zerovalent iron
Permeable reactive barrier
Reactive material
Groundwater Remediation
Volatile organic compound
Remedial action
Contaminated groundwater
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Groundwater is one of the prominent sources of usable water for human beings across the globe. The quality of groundwater is being compromised due to the advent of harmful pollutants from natural and anthropogenic activities sourced from rapid urbanization and industrialization. Many treatment techniques like oxidation, precipitation, coagulation, disinfection, adsorption, ion exchange, etc., using various chemicals like chlorine, ozone, aluminium sulphate, ferrous chloride, sodium aluminate, activated carbon, activated alumina, zeolites, iron, natural clay, etc., are in practice for groundwater remediation. One such prominent material, which imparts one or a combination of adsorption, reduction, oxidation, precipitation, and co-precipitation principles for multi-contaminant removal from groundwater is zero-valent iron (ZVI). ZVI is widely used for removal of metalloids (As), heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn), nitrates, phosphates, chloro-organic compounds, nitro amino compounds, dyes, phenol compounds, etc. This unique material, ZVI, possesses several advantages, including high reactivity, wide availability, multi-component removal, no sludge, flexibility, low cost and technology ease, and few limitations of thick oxide formation, foreign particle hurdle, and narrow pH operation. This chapter showcases the usage of ZVI in groundwater remediation. More focus is laid to elucidate the synthesis and mechanism of ZVI, along with various research works reported. Recent advancements in ZVI research are inclined towards the synthesis of novel and modified ZVI and the future of ZVI technology is in its usage along with proper support of physical, chemical, or a combination of technologies, as well as its integration with other water treatment technologies to achieve superior contaminant removal from groundwater.
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Zerovalent iron
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The problems and countermeasures of using the Nanoscale Zero-valent Iron(NZVI) for groundwater contamination remediation were introduced in this paper.NZVI can remove the halogenated hydrocarbons(mainly chlorinated hydrocarbons) from water and Cr,Pb,and As pollutants.The efficiency of contamination remediation can decrease because of the agglomeration,deposition,and inactivation of NZVI in water.The methods of sonication and adding microorganisms combined with the loading of NZVI to the surface of other solids and the change of the surface properties of NZVI are effective means to improve the ability of NZVI for groundwater contamination remediation.The effects of the complex underground environmental factors on using the NZVI in groundwater contamination remediation and the improvement of the NZVI technique in groundwater contamination remediation are important issues in future studies.
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Groundwater Remediation
Contaminated groundwater
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Zerovalent iron
Groundwater Remediation
Biogeochemical Cycle
Permeable reactive barrier
Contaminated groundwater
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Nano-scale Zero-Valent Iron(NZVI) particle is a kind of iron particle with diameter ranging between 1 to 100 nm.Its specific surface and reactivity are much higher than normal iron fillings and iron power.It can be filled into underground heavy polluted area directly to form a high-efficient in situ reactive zone,and remediate the contaminated groundwater in a versatile,high efficient and low-cost way.NZVI not only can degrade all kinds of halogenated hydrocarbons,but also can degrade some other kinds of organic pollutants,heavy metal irons and some inorganic anions.NZVI groundwater remediation technology has already been applied in developed countries,and is expanded quickly.Effects by in situ factors on the remediation effects of NZVI are significant research highlights,the efficient scattering and transport of NZVI in aquifer are the main point for scientists to breakthrough in the future.
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Particle (ecology)
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Background: Nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) is one of the most commonly used nanomaterials for soil and groundwater remediation because of its high reactivity and effective contaminant removal rate. Objective: This paper reviews the methods of nZVI syntheses and effect of nZVI application on contaminants removal, environmental conditions, and microbial growth when anaerobic bioremediation is used for polluted site restoration. Application: Dispersants have been applied to minimize the aggregation of nZVI particles and enhance its migration and influence zone. nZVI has also been applied to enhance the in situ site remediation process. Although there are advantages to combine the nZVI with bioremediation systems, the possible influences caused by the nZVI application contain changes of environmental conditions including the adverse effects on microbial species and diversity. The patents related to the designs of combining nZVI and different types of organic substrates for bioremediation enhancement are summarized in this paper. Future Study: Toxicity evaluation and risk assessment are necessities to minimize the impact of nZVI application on environments and ecosystems. Keywords: Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), reductive dechlorination, anaerobic bioremediation, toxicity, contaminated soil, hydrophobic modifiers.
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Reductive Dechlorination
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Zerovalent iron
Contaminated groundwater
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