Detection of antibodies to surface antigens ofAngiostrongylus cantonensisby ELISA
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Infection by the rat lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis represents the most common cause of infectious eosinophilic meningitis in humans, causing central nervous system (CNS) angiostrongyliasis. Most of CNS angiostrongyliasis cases were described in Asia, Pacific Basin, Australia, and some limited parts of Africa and America. CNS angiostrongyliasis has been reported in the Caribbean but never in the Lesser Antilles. The primary objectives of this study were to depict the first case of CNS angiostrongyliasis in the Lesser Antilles and investigate the environmental presence of A. cantonensis in Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles. In December 2013, a suspected case of CNS angiostrongyliasis in an 8-month-old infant in Guadeloupe was investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing on cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). The environmental investigation was performed by collecting Achatina fulica molluscs from different parts of Guadeloupe and testing the occurrence of A. cantonensis by real-time PCR. CSF from the suspected case of angiostrongyliasis was positive for A. cantonensis by real-time PCR. Among 34 collected snails for environmental investigation, 32.4% were positive for A. cantonensis. In conclusion, we report the first laboratory-confirmed case of CNS-angiostrongyliasis in the Lesser Antilles. We identified the presence and high prevalence of A. cantonensis in A. fulica in Guadeloupe. These results highlight the need to increase awareness of this disease and implement public health programs in the region to prevent human cases of angiostrongyliasis and improve management of eosinophilic meningitis patients.
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ABSTRACT The prevalence Angiostrongylus cantonensis , a metastrongylid lungworm of rats, was investigated in three common species of rodents in the Greater Bombay area, namely, Rattus rattus, R. norvegicus and Bandicota bengalensis . In all, 737 R. norvegicus , 100 R. rattus and 100 B. bengalensis were examined and the presence of A. cantonensis infection was noticed in R. norvegicus (1·62%). About 800 slugs ( Laevicaulis alte ) were examined and were found to harbour third-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus .
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The definitive hosts of Angiostrongylus cantonensis are mainly rodents. The nematode is commonly parasitic in the lungs of mice. Mollusks are the primary intermediate hosts, such as the giant African snails, apple snails, slugs, etc. Human beings are not proper hosts for A. cantonensis, but may become infected through ingestion of snails with A. cantonensis or food contaminated by the discharge of mucus which contains the third stage larvae of A. cantonensis. That is one common pathogen of eosinophilic meningitis. This case was involving a 74-year-old woman with no chronic disease who grew vegetables for living. She had developed symptoms of body aches, headache, abnormal behavior, confusion and trance in turn since June 23, 2012. Medical examination found that the proportions of the eosinophilic leukocytes were as high as 10.5% and 70% in her blood and cerebrospinal fluid, respectively. She was notified as a suspected case of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection on July 23, and was confirmed by the Kaohsiung Medical University on July 27. After receiving supportive treatment, she had recovered and was discharged on July 28. Epidemiologic investigation suggested that the case might have exposed to snail mucus with the third stage larvae of A. cantonensis when farmed in the vegetable garden then got infection.
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背景：Angiostrongyliasis cantonensis 是世界范围存在的寄生物病。然而，它的放射学的外观上的相关报告是有限的。在这研究，我们调查了在一组连续病人的嗜曙红的脑膜脑炎的特征在吃淡水蜗牛以后与 Angiostrongylus cantonensis 由人的感染引起了的磁性的回声成像(MRI ) 。方法：我们与 angiostrongyliasis cantonensis 在 74 个病人上执行了大脑先生成像。扫描仪是一个 0.5T 单位。为 SE T1 加权的图象(T1WI ) 和 FSE 的各耐心的先生脉搏序列， T2 加权的图象(T2WI ) 被使用。在金轧 chelate (Gd-DTPA ) 的静脉内的管理重复了以后， T1 加权的图象被获得。在大脑和脑膜的损害的 MRI 特征在观察以后被分析并且记录起始并且后续先生图象。angiostrongyliasis cantonensis 感染的类型的分类根据混乱的地点被做。结果：41 (55%) 正常并且 33 (45%) 在大脑的反常 MRI 外观被发现。根据混乱的地点， angiostrongyliasis cantonensis 感染的类型如下被决定：类型脑膜炎的十七个盒子，三类型 myeloencephalitis，类型神经炎之一和 12 种混合类型(八类型脑室炎和五类型肺炎在他们之中) 。在类型脑膜炎，反常 leptomeningeal 改进被设想。在类型 myeloencephalitis，在大脑实质的损害可以在 T2WI 上在 T1WI 和高信号紧张上有相等或稍微低的信号紧张。在各种各样的形状的提高的小瘤在提高金轧的 T1WI 上被显示出，当新月状的改进和一些损害没揭示反常改进，一些损害出现了。除大脑损害以外，一个提高的小瘤在一个病人在颈的脊髓被看见。在类型脑室炎，大脑室的增大被表明。在类型神经炎，在恰好眼的神经的一个小瘤和反常改进被揭示。在类型肺炎，在肺的圆周的补缀的地面眼镜暗和 consolidative 损害被看见。后续结果显示在大脑的大多数损害能在 2 ～ 8 解决星期。结论：当两个挑选类型，介绍并且混合了类型�
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To analyze the difference among antigens of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in different developmental stages and identify dominant diagnostic antigen for angiostrongyliasis.Antigens of A. cantonensis in different developmental stages were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblot.The protein bands of all developmental stages were similar on SDS-PAGE. The Mr 40000, 50000, 66000 and 80000 antigens reacted not only with the sera of rats infected by A. cantonensis but also with the sera of normal rats. The Mr 104000 antigen could be discerned by sera of rats infected with A. cantonensis for 2 weeks. The Mr 32000 antigen could be recognized by sera of rats 2 weeks after infection, and the reaction became stronger with the infection continued.The Mr 40000, 50000, 66000 and 80000 antigens might result in the unspecific reaction in the immunodiagnosis of angiostrongyliasis using the crude antigen of A. cantonensis. The Mr 104000 of larva, Mr 33000 of adult females and Mr 32000 of the worms might be used as candidate antigens in early diagnosis and epidemiological survey of angiostrongyliasis.
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Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a lung worm of rat (definitive host). Human, an abnormal host, can acquire the infection by ingesting food containing the infective larvae of this worm (third-stage larvae). Although the larvae cannot develop into adult worm in human body, it moves to human brain and eyes, causing eosinophilic meningitis (EM), meningoencephalitis, or ocular angiostrongyliasis (OA). Here we review papers related to Angiostrongylus cantonensis and angiostrongyliasis cantonensis which were published in recent ten years, and identify the main institutes and principal investigators (PI) who are researching Angiostrongylus cantonensis. We also outline the advances in research on pathogen biology, pathogenesis, diagnostic techniques, epidemiology and prevention, as well as drug developed against Angiostrongylus cantonensis.
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Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the rat lungworm, is the principal cause of eosinophilic meningitis worldwide, and the increase in world travel and shipborne dispersal of infected rat vectors has extended this parasite to regions outside of its traditional geographic boundaries. We report a case of eosinophilic meningitis due to A. cantonensis in a patient who recently returned from a trip in the Pacific.
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A ngiostrongylus cantonensis, the rat lungworm, now referred to as Parastrongylus cantonensis (Fig 1) is the most common cause of human eosinophilic meningitis or eosinophilic meningoencephalitis worldwide. In Thailand and many countries in Southeast Asia and Pacific Islands, this neurotrophic nematode is endemic and the disease is well recognized. Rat is the definitive host of A. cantonensis. The first-stage larvae hatch in the lungs of rats and migrate via the trachea and gut into its faeces. Mollusks are the intermediate hosts. When rat excrement is ingested by mollusks the first-stage larvae molt twice in the intermediate host to become the infective third-stage larvae. Humans, an accidental host, get infected by ingestion of Towards Precise and Rapid Diagnosis of Eosinophilic Meningitis due to the Rat Lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis
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Journal Article Angiostrongylus cantonensis in East New Britain, Papua New Guinea Get access Euan M. Scrimgeour, Euan M. Scrimgeour ∗ 1Dept. of Medicine, University of Papua New Guinea, Goroka, Papua New Guinea ∗Correspondence and reprint requests to: Dr. E. M. Scrimgeour, Laboratory for Central Nervous System Studies, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20205, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John S. Welch John S. Welch 2Queensland Institute of Medical Research Brisbane, Q. 4006, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 78, Issue 6, 1984, Pages 774–775, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(84)90016-6 Published: 01 January 1984 Article history Published: 01 January 1984 Accepted: 25 January 1984
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Angiostrongylus cantonensis , the rat lungworm, is a zoonotic, parasitic nematode that uses the rat as a definitive host and gastropods as intermediate hosts. It is prevalent in parts of Asia, the Pacific islands, and the Caribbean. In the United States, A. cantonensis is established in Hawaii and in recent years has been reported in Alabama, California, Louisiana, and Florida, where it has been found in the reintroduced Lissachatina fulica (also known as Achatina fulica), the giant African snail that was once eradicated from the state. Since 2004, A. cantonensis has been identified as the causative agent for 2 non-human primate deaths in Florida, one attributed to ingestion of the snail Zachrysia provisoria. Our study further supports the presence of A. cantonensis in Z. provisoria in Florida and identifies 2 additional introduced terrestrial snails, Bradybaena similaris and Alcadia striata, that serve as intermediate hosts for A. cantonensis , as well as evidence of rat infection, in southern Florida. The finding of both definitive and intermediate hosts suggests that A. cantonensis may be established in south Florida.
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