Bryophytes in Thailand. OEPP Biodiversity Series Volume Two
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Biodiversity refers to the variety of species and habitats in a particular area. India is one of the world's hotspots for biodiversity, with a high number of endemic species found nowhere else in the world. Biodiversity is important as it provides a gene bank for food, medicine, raw materials, and more. Documenting biodiversity is a difficult task, but it is necessary to understand the habitats and niches of species and sub-species. Biodiversity is constantly being modified by human activity and physical conditions. Preserving biodiversity is an intricate task as human activity has already modified it and 65% of biodiversity is found outside of protected areas.
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Abstract Biodiversity is closely related to diversity. However, biodiversity has come to be concerned with the conservation of variation of different levels of biological organization, from genes to populations, communities, ecosystems, and landscapes. Biodiversity ranges across spatial and temporal scales. For the elements of concern (genes to landscapes), biodiversity can be measured as the number of different types of elements, the relative frequencies of the different elements, or the number of different processes such as gene flow or nutrient flow. This article emphasizes methods for conserving biodiversity. Biodiversity is rarely used in a sentence without the word ‘conservation’. When discussing biodiversity, it is assumed that high biodiversity is desirable and should be preserved. The arguments for conserving biodiversity are many and varied, from aesthetic to the stability of our environment to future cures for cancer and other uses of nature's raw biological material that cannot yet be imagined.
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Abstract Biodiversity is closely related to diversity. However, biodiversity has come to be concerned with the conservation of variation of different levels of biological organization, from genes to populations, communities, ecosystems, and landscapes. Biodiversity ranges across spatial and temporal scales. For the elements of concern (genes to landscapes), biodiversity can be measured as the number of different types of elements, the relative frequencies of the different elements, or the number of different processes such as gene flow or nutrient flow. This article emphasizes methods for conserving biodiversity. Biodiversity is rarely used in a sentence without the word ‘conservation’. When discussing biodiversity, it is assumed that high biodiversity is desirable and should be preserved. The arguments for conserving biodiversity are many and varied, from aesthetic to the stability of our environment to future cures for cancer and other uses of nature's raw biological material that cannot yet be imagined.
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1: Introduction 2: The role of the International Council for Scientific Unions in biodiversity and global change research, J W M La Riviere 3: Towards biodiversity in politics, H Alders 4: Biodiversity: an introduction, O T Solbrig 5: Theoretical Considerations 6: Dynamical systems, biological complexity and global change, G Nicolis 7: Biodiversity at a molecular level, J C Mounolou 8: Genetic diversity and its role in the survival of species, W van Delden 9: The geophysical aspects of diversity, J E Lovelock 10: Biodiversity in space and time 11: Past efforts and future prospects towards understanding how many species there are, R M May 12: Biodiversity in microorganisms and its role in ecosystem function, D L Hawksworth 13: Molecular phylogeny of cellular systems: Comparisons of 5S ribosomal RNA sequences, H Hori 14: The role of biodiversity in marine ecosystems, P Lasserre 15: The role of mammal biodiversity in the function of ecosystems, V E Sokolov 16: The role of biodiversity in the function of Savanna ecosystems, E Medina and O Huber 17: Global change, shifting ranges, and biodiversity in plant ecosystems, T van der Hammen 18: Shifting ranges and biodiversity in animal ecosystems, J H Stock 19: Conservation of biodiversity: natural and human aspects 20: Life-history attributes and biodiversity, D L Urban et al. 21: Global change and alien invasions: implications for biodiversity and protected land area management, I A W Macdonald 22: Human aspects of biodiversity: an evolutionary perspective, R K Colwell
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This chapter contains sections titled: Geographic Position, Climate, and Zonality General Features of Insect Biodiversity Notes on Biodiversity of Some Insect Groups in the Palearctic Biodiversity of Insect Herbivores Boundaries and Insect Biodiversity Local Biodiversity Insect Biodiversity and Habitats Insect Biodiversity and Palearctic Mountains Insect Biodiversity in Major Biogeographical Divisions of the Palearctic Acknowledgments References
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Biodiversity is the study of species in time and space (Vecchione and Collette 1996). To accomplish the goals of understanding or conserving nature (Reaka-Kudla et al. 1997a), a biodiversity study requires substantial amounts of information used in estimating basic parameters. Some parameters of interest include measures of species diversity, estimates of the types of biodiversity, and estimates of changes in biodiversity and associated physical and biological factors. Managing such information admittedly is highly complex but necessary in the study of biodiversity (Reaka-Kudla et al. 1997b).
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The paper studied biodiversity characteristic,destroyed status and reason of coastal marsh including oceanic biodiversity,limnetic biodiversity,higher plants biodiversity of land and island,terricolous animal biodiversity,and pointed out the existing questions,protection and utilization measures of biodiversity.
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This chapter contains sections titled: An Early Definition of the Term Biodiversity The Problem of Considering Multiple Levels of Biodiversity Simultaneously If Biodiversity Is Good, Is More Biodiversity Always Better than Less Biodiversity? Does More Different Mean More Important? The Worth of An Element of Biodiversity Depends on Context Rethinking the Assessment of Biodiversity by Including Context and Particulars Interactions among Context, Particulars, Values, and Worth Exhortations References
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In introducing a series of 11 papers on the measurement and estimation of biodiversity, eight crucial questions are posed: What is 'biodiversity'? Is biodiversity just the number of species in an area? If biodiversity is more than the number of species how can it be measured? Are all species of equal weight? Should biodiversity measures include infraspecific genetic variance? Do some species contribute more than others to the biodiversity of an area? Are there useful indicators of areas where biodiversity is high? And can the extent of biodiversity in taxonomic groups be estimated by extrapolation? In addition, the modern concept of biological diversity is attributed to Elliot R. Norse and his colleagues.
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