Temporal Change of Soil Erosion Intensity of Reclaimed Lands in Loess Hilly Forest Region
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Using the 10 years observed data about runoff and sediment in the loess hilly forest region, the temporal change of soil erosion intensity in the reclaimed lands was analyzed. The results showed that with the increasing of erosion time, the soil erosion intensity in reclaimed lands would be increased apparently, and there had about 10 mm soil layer be eroded away every year. In the 10th year, the 100.81 mm depth of soil was eroded away, which was almost all the humus layer. At last, it is pointed that the increase of the erosion intensity, the decease of soil quality and the worse of the soil properties would aggravate the soil erosion intensity seriously.Keywords:
Intensity
Humus
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Dryland salinity
Orchard
Erosion Control
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The nutrient loss is closely related to erosion. The amount of individual nutrient deteriorates from soil by any factor this nutrient loss use full for plant and crop and affect the water bodies. Soil nutrient lost mainly through the runoff many nutrients are dissolving in rain water or lost. The rate of soil loss is 16.4tonnes/hectare every year, (CSWCTRI), Dehradun. Mainly N2, Ca, P, Mg, K and organic matter can be lost from agriculture land through soil erosion. Manure and fertilizer can help to protect against nutrient loss low through erosion or runoff. These losses are affected by soil type, vegetative cover and land slope or fertility. Where soil are highly erodible, conservation tillage can reduce soil erosion and runoff, resulting in less surface loss of nitrogen. Soil erosion means detachment, transformation and deposition. Erosion is detachment of soil particle from one place to another place by the action of wind and water. Nutrient loss due to erosion is very harmful effect for crop production reducing regularly or arable land convert in barren land. Annual soil loss of India is 16 ton’s/hectare when permissible limit is 12ton’s/hectare. Water and wind eroded area in India is 93.68 Mha and 9.48 Mha (NBSS & LUP). Active soil erosion occurs due to floods over 140mha of land resulting loss of 6000 MT of fertile soils containing 5.5MT of NPK. Mainly two type of erosion wind and water erosion. Wind erosion mainly found in North-west part of India and water erosion mostly in hilly areas of country. Wind erosion is mainly three type’s saltation, suspension, or surface creep in witch suspension is more hazards. Water erosion types are splash, sheet, gully erosion in which sheet erosion is more hazards in which fine clay partials and soluble nutrients are remove with water.
Topsoil
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The soil erosion of lower hilly red soil regions in Zhejiang was studied in this paper. There are two main models, a FCD model which can decrease the interferences from shadows, and a mixed pixel model to estimate vegetation coverage. According to the Standards for classification and gradation of soil erosion, the intensity of soil erosion was obtained from vegetation coverage, slope, land-use and other factors. Results show that vegetation coverage is in a good status that the vegetation fraction is generally more than 30%, and the soil erosion in the study area is slight, but agricultural land such as plantation is rather serious, especially the area where intense erosion plantation has reached 17.65%. In addition, tillage is another very important factor in engendering soil erosion, which should be paid more attention in calculating soil erosion. However, soil erosion is likely to occur in such areas, so the preventing and controlling of soil erosion still needs more attention.
Gradation
WEPP
Red soil
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Dryland salinity
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Serious soil erosion has made the eco-environment fragile in the Loess Plateau. Based on the 10-year da-ta observed from 1989 to 1998 in the Ziwuling Survey Station in loess hilly region, the eco-environment change and soil erosion process in reclaimed forestland were studied in this paper. The results showed that the intensity of man-made soil erosion caused by forestland reclamation was 1000 times more than that of the natural erosion. From the analysis of soil physical and mechanical properties, in the 10th year after forestland was reclaimed, the clay content and physical clay content decreased 2.74 percentage point and 3.01 percentage point respectively, the ＞0.25mm water-stable aggregate content decreased 31.59 percentage point, the soil bulk density increased and soil shear strength de-creased, all of which were easier to cause soil erosion. The correlation analysis showed that ＞0.25mm waterstable ag-gregate content was the key factor affecting soil erosion, and the secondary factors were soil coarse grain and soil shear strength. The relation between the ＞0.25mm waterstable aggregate content, the soil sheer strength and the soil erosion intensity were analyzed, which showed that the first year and the seventh erosion year were the turn years of the soil erosion intensity after the forestland was reclaimed, revealed that the change ofeco-environment was the main cause to accelerate soil erosion, and the worse environment caused soil erosion to be serious rapidly.
Loess plateau
Soil structure
Shear Strength
Soil morphology
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Loess plateau
Carbon fibers
Soil carbon
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In order to investigate the influence of land use change on soil erosion over the Yunmeng Lake watershed,RS and GIS techniques were utilized and RUSLE model was selected to acquire soil erosion data.Transitional matrix was used to study the land use and the soil erosion level change.A soil erosion intensity index was introduced to quantify the relationship between land use change and soil erosion.On this basis,statistical regression method was used to study the soil erosion due to the changes of land use.The result showed that during the period of 1986 2010,farmland were the dominant land use type with reducing to 59% from 63%.Land use changes were mainly caused by converting farmland or grassland to other land use types.Soil erosion situation had improved with the proportion of minima zones rising from 60.7% to 61.7% and the total proportion of strong,extremely strong and severe erosion zones decreasing from 16.9% to 16.6%.Great changes happened for soil erosion with the change rate of moderate,strong and extremely strong as 50.54%,50.8% and 47.34% respectively.Soil erosion was mainly converted from the adjacent degrees.Soil erosion was affected by the different land uses.The transition of forestland to farmland and grassland were the primary causes for aggravating soil erosion.On the contrary,the transition of farmland to other land use types had alleviated the soil erosion.Moreover,a new dynamic assessment method for watershed soil erosion was proposed on the base of regression analysis and would propose more easy way for dynamic monitoring the soil erosion in the Yunmeng Lake watershed.
Dryland salinity
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Erosion Control
Dryland salinity
WEPP
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Soil and water loss is very serious in the Loess Plateau.Converting farmland to forest or grassland is key to control soil erosion.The samples were collected at the Ansai county of Shaanxi province in China,and according to survey of the abandoned land for restoring different plant species with different restoration time,soil samples from depth intervals of 0～20cm were collected for laboratory assessment to analyzing their soil physiochemical properties.The effects of farmland conversion to forest or grassland on soil quality in the loess hilly field were studied.The results showed that soil quality significantly improved after conversion of farmland to forest or grassland.When compared to sloping farmland,vegetation restoration has resulted in significant reduction in soil bulk density and pH,and increases in soil porosity,optimum soil moisture,soil organic matter,soil carbon,nitrogen,and available soil nutrients to differing degrees.Robinia pseudoacacia has contributed most to soil quality restoration,caragana korshinskii kom comes the second,and wasteland the least.In the same time,with the increase of abandoned time,soil texture was increasingly improved,and soil organic matter, carbon,nitrogen,and available soil nutrients occurred an increasing trend.Meanwhile,the available soil nutrients increased much more than the soil elements.Thus,returning farmland to forest or grassland can not only effectively control soil erosion,but also significantly restore soil quality.
Soil Quality
Soil carbon
Soil texture
Robinia
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Based on analysis of soil erosion property in dry-hot valley of Yuanmou county, land degradation caused by soil erosion on slope is researched. The results show that the soil erosion on slope not only bring about soil nutrients lost, but also cause the soil physical property damaged, soil infiltration capability weakened. Bulk weight of the cultivated topsoil from 0 to 30cm is 12.7% lower than that of below soil layers from 30 to 100cm, the soil total porosity is 10.9% higher, and soil organic matter is 37.3% higher, and total soil water infiltration amount is 1.6-2.2 times as much as the below layers. The direct result of the soil degradation is the reduction of land productivity. The impact of soil erosion in different slopes on different crops is averagely by 4.54% with the 1 cm topsoil lost.
Topsoil
Infiltration (HVAC)
Dryland salinity
Soil morphology
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