Analysis of prenatal screening results on G6PD deficiency examination among 3690 persons of childbearing age
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Objective To find out the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD) deficiency incidence in Wuzhou.Methods Blood samples from 3,690 persons of childbearing age were examined on G6PD activity and hemoglobin content with UV rate method and sodium dodecyl sulfate colorimetric method,and then calculated the G6PD activity per gram of hemoglobin.The one whose value was lower than the reference was diagnosed as G6PD deficiency.Results There were 243 patients whose G6PD activity were abnormal and incidence of G6PD deficiency was 6.59%.What's more,the male subject with G6PD deficiency rate was 12.16%,while female was 2.89%.The differences between male and female were very significant(χ2=123.73,P0.01).Conclusions There is a higher incidence of G6PD deficiency in Wuzhou.It is very important to detect G6PD activity among people of childbearing age for healthy child rearing and the improvement of the population quality.Cite
Screening for iron deficiency was offered to 485 pre-school children in one practice. A questionnaire asking for details of the child's birth, diet, medical history and social status was sent to all the families of these children. Three hundred and eleven children (64% of the total) had blood samples taken for haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume and serum ferritin levels. Fifty four of the children (17%) were iron deficient (serum ferritin less than 10 micrograms l-1 or mean corpuscular volume less than 75 fl), while 10 (3%) had iron deficiency anaemia (haemoglobin level less than 10.5 g dl-1). The prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia were not significantly associated with any social class. However, there was a higher prevalence among social class 3 children than children from other social classes, 29% of them having covert iron deficiency, while 6% were frankly anaemic. As there are no ethnic minorities in the practice, dietary inadequacy was likely to be the main cause of iron deficiency. After receiving iron supplements for up to three months, all the children who were iron deficient or anaemic and attended for follow up had normalized blood values. In view of the high prevalence of iron deficiency throughout the social classes, and its association with developmental delay and behavioural disorders, screening will be offered to all children when they attend for measles, mumps and rubella immunization, and those who do not attend will be followed up.
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There is a growing concern about the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its relationship with variety of diseases worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its relationship with pregnancy adverse effects in Yazd.This was a cross sectional study conducted among 200 nulliparous women from October 2013 to April 2014. Data containing socio-demographic and personal details, vitamin D level, pregnancy complications and growth situation of newborns were collected and analyzed using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson's correlation coefficient by SPSS. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.The mean serum 1, 25 (OH)2D3 concentration was 20.3±10.8 μg/l. Totally, 78% of the women had less than sufficient levels. Mean of vitamin D was significantly higher in natural or elective cesarean in comparison with abortion and emergency cesarean (p=0.040). Risk of abortion was 3.1(1.39-6.8) and higher in severely deficient group in comparison to women with vitamin D deficiency (p=0.017) and mean of vitamin D group was significantly lower in women who had oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios complication (p=0.045).The study findings revealed that vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in pregnant women and it is significantly associated with elevated risk for abortion, and oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios. Probably, a targeted screening strategy can be suggested to detect and treat women at high risk of vitamin D deficiency in early pregnancy as a simple way to reduce the risk of these adverse pregnancy outcomes in Yazd.
Polyhydramnios
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Transferrin saturation
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SUMMARYA cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency among healthy Saudi children from birth to 15 months of age. The groups studied were: newborns, 3–4 months, 5–6 months, 7–8 months, 9–10 months and 12–15 months of age. The age groups were dictated by the vaccination schedule. Serum ferritin was measured and transferrin saturation calculated in each subject. The lower limits of normal were taken as a transferrin saturation of < 10% and a serum ferritin of < 12 μg/1. A total of 333 serum samples was adequate for analysis. None of the newborns or the 3–4-month-old infants had evidence of iron deficiency. At 5–6 months only 3·3% of subjects had iron deficiency. In the subsequent older age groups the prevalence of iron deficiency increased significantly with age from 9·3% to 12·7% and reached 14·5% in the oldest age group. Screening for iron deficiency in children attending well-baby clinics and hospitals at ages of 12–15 months is recommended.
Transferrin saturation
Age groups
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Our goals were to screen newborns and characterize the occurrence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in southwestern China. Meanwhile, we would like to analyze the factors that might affect the results of neonatal dried blood spots for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase screening test, to improve the clinical quality control level, effectively reduce the external factors in the process of detection.This study involved an evaluation of G6PD data for 20,644 newborns from a universal newborn screening program. Heel prick blood specimens were collected around 72 hours after birth and were dried on filter papers. For G6PD deficiency the fluorescent spot test was employed. We studied the association between incidence of G6PD deficiency and influence factors.This study involved an evaluation of G6PD data for 20,644 neonatal heel prick blood samples from 10,984 males and 9,660 females. There were 503 positive results for G6PD deficiency (299 males and 204 females), and the G6PD deficiency-positive rate was estimated to be around 2.4%. The gender-specific prevalence for males was 2.7%, and for females 2.1%. Multiple factors may influence the result of the G6PD test, such as season, temperature, and specimen of indwelling time.This study analyzed the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in Sichuan, China. Accelerating the speed of sample delivery and ensuring availability of screening results can aid the screening and diagnosis.
Dried blood
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
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Objective.
—To determine the prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in the US population.Design.
—Nationally representative cross-sectional health examination survey that included venous blood measurements of iron status.Main Outcome Measures.
—lron deficiency, defined as having an abnormal value for at least 2 of 3 laboratory tests of iron status (erythrocyte protoporphyrin, transferrin saturation, or serum ferritin); and iron deficiency anemia, defined as iron deficiency plus low hemoglobin.Participants.
—A total of 24 894 persons aged 1 year and older examined in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994).Results.
—Nine percent of toddlers aged 1 to 2 years and 9% to 11% of adolescent girls and women of childbearing age were iron deficient; of these, iron deficiency anemia was found in 3% and 2% to 5%, respectively. These prevalences correspond to approximately 700000 toddlers and 7.8 million women with iron deficiency; of these, approximately 240 000 toddlers and 3.3 million women have iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency occurred in no more than 7% of older children or those older than 50 years, and in no more than 1% of teenage boys and young men. Among women of childbearing age, iron deficiency was more likely in those who are minority, low income, and multiparous.Conclusion.
—lron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia are still relatively common in toddlers, adolescent girls, and women of childbearing age.Transferrin saturation
Micronutrient deficiency
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The distribution of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency in ethnic minorities in the Netherlands was studied in a random sample of 668 healthy pregnant women and 754 healthy full term neonates. The overall prevalence of G-6-PD deficiency was 6.6% in males and 5.2% in females. Highest frequencies were found in sub-Saharan blacks. The hematological data in severe deficient women of African descent suggest slight hemolysis in the first trimester of pregnancy. Mean hemoglobin concentrations in pregnant women and neonates of African descent were lower as compared to hemoglobin concentrations in persons of Asian or Mediterranean origin. G-6-PD deficiency was found to be the only cause of neonatal jaundice in 6% of the non-Caucasian neonates who underwent exchange transfusion for severe neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. Mean bilirubin in cordblood, however, was not found to be significantly higher in severe deficient neonates of African, Asian and Mediterranean descent.
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Exchange transfusion
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Objective To know the prevalence rate of iron deficiency anemia and its effect on growth and development among infants under 6 months. Methods A total of 341 infants who were born from July 2011 to June 2012 were enrolled. The information of blood routine examination,growth index,feeding patterns was collected at age of 42 days and6 months,respectively. Developmental screening test was conducted at age of 6 months. Results The prevalence rate of anemia at 42 days was 37. 54%,and there was no significant difference between males( 40. 54%) and females( 33. 97%)( P 0.05). The prevalence rate of iron deficiency anemia at 6 months was 19.35%,in which 48.48% were new cases.At age of 42 days,there was no significant difference between different feeding patterns in anemia prevalence( breast feeding: 30. 82%,mixed feeding: 41. 40%,artificial feeding: 47. 37%,P 0. 05). While at age of 6 months,the anemia prevalence of breast feeding group was higher( 38. 20%) than that of the other two groups( mixed feeding: 16. 38%;artificial feeding: 9. 56%; P 0. 05). The rate of developmental quotient below 70 was 11. 76% in the anemia cases whose hemoglobin was continuously low from 42 days to 6 months,which was higher than that of new onset anemia cases( 3.13%) and normal hemoglobin controls( 1.82%)( P 0.05). Conclusion Continuously low hemoglobin at early age of 42 days to 6 months is potentially harmful to neuropsychological development of infants. Early screening of hemoglobin is urgently needed for intervention of iron deficiency anemia among infants.
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Objective. To describe the epidemiology of iron, zinc and iodide deficiencies in a probabilistic sample of Mexican women and children and explore its association with some dietary and socio-demographic variables. Material and Methods. We carried out in 1999 an epidemiological description of iron (percent transferrin saturation, PTS, 16%), serum zinc (65ug/dl) and iodide (50 ug/l urine) deficiencies in a probabilistic sample of 1,363 Mexican children under 12 years and of 731 women of child-bearing age. Serum iron, Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) and zinc were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry, and urinary iodide by a colorimetric method. Logistic regression models explored determinants for such micromineral deficiencies. Results. Iron deficiency was higher (67%) in infants 2 years of age. Prevalence declined (34-39%) at school age. The prevalence for iron deficiency in women was 40%. Zinc deficiency was higher in infants 2 years of age (34%) than in school-age children (19-24%). Prevalence in women was 30%, with no rural/urban difference. In women the likelihood of iron deficiency decreased as SEL improved (p=0.04) and increased with the intake of cereals (p=0.01). The likelihood of low serum zinc levels was greater in women and children of low socioeconomic level (SEL) (p0.02 and p=0.001) iodide deficiency was negligible in both children and women. Conclusions. The data shows high prevalence of iron deficiencyspecially in infants 12 to 24 months of age. It is suggested that in older children and women 12 to 49 years of age that iron bioavailability is low. The prevalence of zinc deficiency was also very high. The English version of this paper is available too at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html
Transferrin saturation
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