The Analysis of Formation Conditions of Valley Debris Flow Geological Hazards in SongYang
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In this paper,based on the investigation and analysis,formation conditions of debris flow hazards in SongYang GouGu are analyzed from the view of the topography,source,meteorological and hydrological conditions,which has guiding for understanding the causes of debris flow in this area,and provide a reference for the investigation of valley debris flow.Keywords:
Debris flow
Geologic hazards
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The debris flow occurred in Xianglutan gully was a typical gully debris flow,which was located in Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province.According to the basic features of the valley system and the debris flow,the paper at first discusses the formation conditions of the debris flow,like topography,water source and sediment source,then calculates the dynamic parameters,including bulk density,flow rate,flow capacity and sediment flush-out.Finally,proposes the appropriate prevention suggestion for the debris flow.
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Two typical debris flow gullies in Hot Water River Basin, Laowa Gully and Fencha Gully are taken as research objects in this paper. The initiation mechanism of debris flow hazard is revealed by means of field engineering geological investigation and analysis of the formation and development conditions of debris flow. The topography of the debris flow formation areas is steep and its catchment areas are fan-shaped. There are rich loose deposits as source conditions in the gully slopes and trench beds. The abundant rainfall and hydrodynamic conditions in rainy season provide a good water source for the formation and development of debris flows, which causes the debris flow hazard. The efficiency of different debris flow hazard mitigation engineering is evaluated using the matrix discrete element numerical simulation software MatDEM. Specifically, 62.3% of the total energy carried by the debris flow source is dissipated as system heat energy and 37.7% is beared by the dam structure under the geotechnical engineering measures. While 70% of the total energy carried by the debris flow source is consumed by ecological engineering measures and the other 30% is beared by the dam structure under the ecological engineering and geotechnical engineering measures. Based on the above results, the debris flow prevention and mitigation schemes are proposed for these two typical debris flow gullies under the synergistic effect of ecological engineering and geotechnical engineering, which provides references for the establishment of debris flow hazard mitigation mode in small watershed in mountainous area.
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Debris flow
Mudflow
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Based on the field survey of debris flow at Lixian area,the paper analyzes the features of the debris flow by combining with its formation environment background,and explores the reasons for the formation of debris flow,so as to provide some theoretic reference for the treatment of the debris flow at Lixian area.
Debris flow
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In order to investigate whether or not the debris flow will harm in dam site and assessing the effect on the construction of dam,the survey about JieYiPo debris flows is well done in field.The character of terrain、geology condition、vegetation、debris flow trail erosion and silt featuse in vale are fully cognized.Simultaneously,some experiments and meterage about the vale and debris flow fans havebeen practiced.Based on the formula about dilute debris flow,the velocity of flow、runoff and wallop of JieYiPo debris flow are computed.All of these works,offer the basic evidences for the assessment of geological hazard about debris flow.The surveys shows that the activity of JieYiPo debris flow is overblown,however,the soil and water conservation in the catchment areas should be strengthened,especially focused on the exposed sloping field in the entrance.
Debris flow
Silt
Field survey
Mudflow
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Taking the debris flow of Kelinxi gully in Gongjue County of Tibet as an example,the material composition and the geometrical features of forming,circulation and accumulation areas were summarized,and the forming causes were analyzed from the terrain and landforms,the geological structure,the formation lithology,the hydrology and meteorology as well as human activities.The results were as follows: intensive neotectonic movement and frequent earthquake activity were regarded as the macroscopic geological conditions of occurrence of debris flow disasters;the glaciated landform,formed by ancient glacial denudation was regarded as the prerequisite for the catchment of debris flow,the material source and flowage of debris flow;the poor soil formation and the low vegetation coverage ratio caused by severe soil and water loss were regarded as the ecological and environmental conditions of occurrence of debris flow disasters;the mass rainfall and abundant clastics which formed by strong physical weathering were regarded as the basic material composition and source of occurrence of debris flow disasters;the blindfold human activities aggravated the emergence,development and harm extent of debris flow disasters.Finally,some suggestions for prevention of debris flow disasters were put forward from the genesis.
Debris flow
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Landform
Mudflow
Lithology
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Debris flow disasters on 2004 in Dengchang country caused serious harm to local residents and production. Forecast and control the group-occurring debris flow will be the most important and difficult issues in debris flow disaster prevention and mitigation work in Dechang country. And in the event of an outbreak of group-occurring debris flow,debris flow be triggered in some gullies,but some of gullies have no debris flow. So contrasting and researching the topography,geology and hydrology conditions of these two types gullies make it possible to determine the formation probability of debris flow. To research the formation mechanism of group-occurring debris flow in Dechang country on August 24,2004,this paper uses a formation model for debris flows. The formation model for debris flows proposes one single factor to represent the factors related to topography,geology and hydrology and gets triggering threshold of debris flows. The critical rainfall of every gully is obtained by inverse calculation of discriminant model. Probability of the debris flow formation is divided into three levels: security,prone and high incidence. The method fully considers the debris flow formation conditions: topography,geology and hydrology. The model uses dimensionless,it facilitates to assessment to the difficulty of debris flows,so made a good effect in the study area,provides a new research method for the prevention and control of debris flow.
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This paper takes the debris flow in Lufang furrow as an research object.From the four aspects that are the topography,geological structure and stratigraphy lithology,human engineering activities,meteorological and hydrological,the causes of the debris flow hazard are analyzed,and the basic conditions of formation mudslides and main inducing factors are summed up.Results show that the material factor,and physical feature satisfy the formation conditions of debris flow in the valley,and the formation conditions are sufficient.If the water factor satisfy the formation conditions of debris flow in the valley,it may break out debris flow again.This research is of certain significance to the prediction and mitigation of debris flow hazard in Lufang valley.
Debris flow
Mudflow
Lithology
Hyperconcentrated flow
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