Effect of Self-Regulated Exercise Intensity on Endothelial Function in Men with Coronary Artery Disease
Sarah M. HughesKevin McGuinnessBróna FurlongCleona GrayKevin Michael O'HaraNoel McCaffreyPaul O’ConnorRonan P. MurphyMark RossAntony WekesaMichael HarrisonNiall M. Moyna
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PURPOSE: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the Ireland and the EU and kills more people than all cancers combined. It accounts for 55% of all deaths in women across Europe and 43% of all deaths in men. The cost to the EU economy is 169 billion euro/year. Endothelial dysfunction induced by cardiovascular risk factors is considered to be one of the earliest stages in vascular damage and is associated independently with cardiovascular events. The balance between endothelial lesion and regeneration is critical for the maintenance of vessel integrity. Exposure to cardiovascular risk factors alters the homeostatic regulatory functions of the endothelium, subsequently progressing to pro-inflammatory activation, apoptosis, and undesirable vessel remodelling. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of self-regulated exercise intensity on endothelial function in men with coronary artery disease. METHODS: Eight men with coronary artery disease (65.7 ± 4.5 yr, VO2max 18.6 ± 4.1 ml/kg/min, BMI 29.7±3.3 kg/m-2) underwent 20 min of treadmill walking at a self-regulated intensity. Endothelial dependent dilation of the brachial artery was assessed before and 1 h following the acute bout of exercise. Vessel diameter was determined using high resolution vascular ultrasonography (SonoSite, MicroMaxx) from flow mediated dilation (FMD) following 5 min of forearm occlusion. Endothelial independent vasodilation was measured at min 3, min 4 and min 5 following the administration of glyceryl trinitrate (0.4 mg). RESULTS: The subjects self-selected an average treadmill walking speed of 5.3 km/h and a grade of 0.7%. This intensity equated to 65.7% VO2max, and an RPE-O of 12.0. Compared to baseline, FMD was significantly increased (1 min (4.6 v 10.7%) and 3 min (6.2 v 11.0) post occlusion) at 60 min following the acute bout of self-regulated exercise. There was no change in endothelial independent dilation in response to the acute bout of exercise. CONCLUSION: These results indicate a beneficial effect of self regulated exercise on endothelial dependent vascular function in men with coronary artery disease. The study was supported with a grant from Science Foundation Ireland (PO7625 - SFI 07/CE/I1147).Keywords:
Brachial artery
Endothelial Dysfunction
Homeostasis
The impaired endothelial function is associated with number of disease states,including cardiovascular disease and its risk factors.Although no golden standard for the evaluation of endothelial dysfunction,the measurement of flow-mediated dilation in the brachial artery assessed by Doppler ultrasonography shows the most promise for clinical application.The aim of this article is reviewing the investigation advance and application value in the evaluation of endothelial function by ultrasound technique.
Brachial artery
Endothelial Dysfunction
Doppler ultrasound
Dilation (metric space)
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Objective To detect the endothelial dependent vasodilation function of brachial artery in renal allograft recipients. Methods Using high resolution ultrasound, the inner diameter and changes of diameter of brachial artery at rest, after reactive hyperemia and sublingual nitroglycerin were measured in 20 cyclosporine treated allograft recipients, 20 FK 506 treated allograft recipients and 20 controls, reactive hyperemia mediated vasodilation was measured to assess endothelial dependent vasodilation, nitroglycerin mediated vasodilation was measured to assess endothelial independent vasodilation, in order know if the endothelial function was injuried by comparing the endothelial dependent and endothelial independent vasodilation. Results After reactive hyperemia, the absolute and relative values(reactive increase) in brachial artery inner diameter were significantly reduced in renal allograft recipients, nitroglycerin mediated vasodilation was similar between renal allograft recipients and controls. There was no significant difference of the inner diameter of brachial artery in renal allograft recipients treated with cyclosporine and FK 506 after reactive hyperemia. Conclusions The endothelial dependent vasodilation function of brachial artery was injuried in renal allograft recipients.
Brachial artery
Reactive hyperemia
Endothelial Dysfunction
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Brachial artery
Ultrasound energy
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Brachial artery bifurcation has been documented in ∼5%–10% of cadaver models, but our understanding of arterial function in these rare cases is unknown. This case study examined vasodilatory responses between a right bifurcated (right superficial brachial artery, right deep brachial artery) versus a left nonbifurcated brachial artery in a 28-year-old healthy female. Vasodilatory functions were assessed via flow-mediated dilation and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation (0.4 mg sublingual spray) techniques. Bifurcation of the brachial artery promotes lower endothelial-dependent vasodilation and possibly reduced vascular smooth muscle responsiveness to nitric oxide. Take home message Our case study indicated that a bifurcated brachial artery exhibited worse vasodilatory responses relative to an intact contralateral artery.
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Objective:To study the endothelium-dependent vasodilation function in patients with obesity.Methods:Forty patients with obesity and thirty eight age-matched normal controls were studied.Brachial diameter was measured with high-resolution ultrasound at rest,during reactive hyperemia and after sublingual nitroglycerin.Results:The increased percentage of brachial artery diameter at hyperemic condition was lower in patients comparing with those normal controls (10.14±6.23)% vs (18.96±6.92)%,P0.001,whereas nitroglycerin-induced changes were not significant difference (17.96±6.91)% vs (19.01±5.81)%,P0.05;The brachial endothelial function correlated negatively with BMI (r=-0.61,P0.01).Conclusion:Endothelium-dependent vasodilation function was impaired in patients with obesity.
Brachial artery
Reactive hyperemia
Endothelial Dysfunction
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Brachial artery
Endothelial Dysfunction
Reactive hyperemia
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Brachial artery
Endothelial Dysfunction
Reactive hyperemia
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We compared the results of functional endothelial tests of the cavernous penile arteries by the modified by us method with results of the study of endothelial function of the brachial artery. The analysis of the results of examination of 116 patients with endothelial dysfunction of various genesis and 14 men free of endothelial dysfunction has not found a correlation between the tests, but all the patients with postocclusive increase in the diameter of the cavernous artery by less than 50% indicating arteriogenic endothelial dysfunction had signs of endothelial dysfunctions in the study of brachial artery. This suggests the presence of systemic endothelial dysfunction in all the examinees with arteriogenic endothelial dysfunction supporting its role in pathogenesis of this form of endothelial dysfunction.
Endothelial Dysfunction
Brachial artery
Pathogenesis
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To study endothelial dysfunction in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) without risk factors for cardiovascular disease.Forty patients with PsA according to Classification Criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis (CASPAR) criteria and forty age- and sex-matched controls were included. Patients with risk factors for cardiovascular disease were excluded. Endothelial function was assessed by measuring endothelial-dependent flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD%) and endothelial-independent nitroglycerin-mediated dilatation (NMD%) in the brachial artery.There was a significant impairment of FMD% in patients as compared to controls (mean 8.3% vs. 10.8%, P = 0.007), but there was no significant difference in NMD%.There is presence of endothelial dysfunction in patients with PsA independent of risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
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Endothelial Dysfunction
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