Optimal Conditions for Recovery of Antibody from Immune Precipitate of Type I Pneumococcus
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Abstract:
There is an optimal pH for the recovery of antibody from immune precipitate of Type I pneumococcus by treatment with dilute acid or alkali. In the presence of NaCl, the percentage of recovery is increased. The mechanism of the recovery is discussed. The present findings furnish the basis of a method for the isolation of antibody which is better than any of the existing methods.T. Okada, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1991, 1209 DOI: 10.1039/C39910001209
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Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most common causes of respiratory tract infections in children, and also the major pathogen leading to severe pneumonia, complications and even death. In recent years, antimicrobial resistance of streptococcus pneumoniae is growing and widespread, resulting in the increasing burden of disease,and also bring serious challenges to clinical diagnosis and treatment. The emergence and dissemination of vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae in disease prevention and control has a bright future.
Key words:
Streptococcus pneumoniae ; vaccine ; children
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Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important bacterial pathogen, especially for the very young and the very old (1). S. pneumoniae, also referred to as the pneumococcus, was formerly known as Diplococcus pneumoniae.
Pneumococcal infections
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Abstract The synthesis of 1,2‐ethanedithiolates was achieved by different procedures: reaction of 1,2‐ethanedithiol with the alkali metal or the alkali metal ethoxides (suitable for Na, K, Rb, Cs), alkali metal hydride (suitable for Na) or BuLi for Li.
Sodium hydride
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D. E. Fenton and C. Nave, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1971, 662 DOI: 10.1039/C29710000662
Alkaline earth metal
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Streptococcus pneumoniae is still an important pathogen of community-acquired respiratory tract infections.Streptococcus pneumoniae has been studied widely and deeply.However,in recent years,there is a new understanding of microbiological characteristics,epidemiology,resistance mechanisms and the guidelines of streptococcus pneumoniae treatment.The paper introduces the new progress including the status of streptococcus pneumoniae respiratory tract infection,revised penicillin breakpoints,fluoroquinolone resistant characteristics,and biofilm resistance mechanisms.
Respiratory tract
Pneumococcal infections
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Purpose To investigate serotype distribution of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae of clinical isolates in Nanjin.Methods A total of 48 strains invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae were collected from January 2007 to December 2010.Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae was performed by using quelling reaction.Results The most common serotypes 48 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were 19F(27.1%)、19A(22.8%)、14(18.7%)and 9v(8.3%).There were two strains(4.2%)that cannot be identified with the antisera used.Conclusion The major serotypes of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae with which children infected in Nanjing are 19F,19A,14 and 9v.
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Objective:To evaluate the antibacterial activity of moxofloxacin and other 2 fluoroquinolones against 95 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae in vitro. Methods:Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by dilution method according to NCCLs. Results:Moxifloxacin has the best antibacterial activity with the lowest MIC 90, Streptococcus pneumoniae (including Penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae) showed highest susceptibility to Moxifloxacin with 95.78% susceptible rate, susceptible rate of SIPA and ofloxacin was respectively. Conclusion:moxofloxacin has an powerful antibacterial activity against streptococcus pneumoniae and it can be the first choice to treat streptococcus pneumoniae infection.
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Проведено комплексне обстеження 30 дітей, хворих на позалікарняну пневмонію, віком від 2 місяців до 3 років, серед яких у 18 дітей захворювання було викликано Streptococcus pneumoniae, а в інших 12 пацієнтів — грамнегативною флорою. Всім дітям проводилася оцінка тяжкості стану за шкалою PRESS, за результатами якої встановлено, що перебіг пневмонії пневмококової етіології в більшості випадків був тяжким. Проведений аналіз показав, що розвиток пневмококової пневмонії у дітей на відміну від пневмоній, етіологічним чинником яких були грамнегативні патогени, відбувався на фоні зниження вмісту в сироватці крові метаболітів вітаміну D та активності антимікробних пептидів. В сироватці крові дітей з пневмококовою пневмонією встановлено зниження вмісту β1-дефензину в 2,6 раза, LL-37 — в 3,7 раза та hBPI — в 2,8 раза порівняно з контрольною групою (р < 0,05). Доведено, що недостатня активація антимікробних пептидів на фоні дефіциту метаболітів вітаміну D у дітей раннього віку, хворих на пневмонію, викликану Streptococcus pneumoniae, є однією з патогенетичних ланок, що призводить до тяжкого перебігу захворювання.
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The bactericidal activity of Streptococcus pneumoniae toward Staphylococcus aureus is mediated by hydrogen peroxide. Catalase eliminated this activity. Pneumococci grown anaerobically or genetically lacking pyruvate oxidase (SpxB) were not bactericidal, nor were nonpneumococcal streptococci. These results provide a possible mechanistic explanation for the interspecies interference observed in epidemiologic studies.
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