The Capabilities and Limitations of Instrumentation on Small (10-500lb) Parachute Systems
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Abstract:
The US Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center (NSRDEC) has been working on several guided and ballistic parachute systems in the 10 to 500 pound weight range. These systems are used to deliver a variety of payloads, such as sensors and medical equipment, from high altitude with an accuracy of less than 100 meters. There are several instrumentation systems currently used to characterize the performance of each of these airdrop systems, but the quality of the data may be limited due to challenges presented by the small size of the payload. The benefits and limitations of datasets derived from theodolite systems, commercially available GPS-based recorders, and NSRDECdeveloped instrumentation boxes will be discussed as they pertain to small systems.Keywords:
Instrumentation
Payload (computing)
Theodolite
Pound (networking)
Theodolites are fundamental geodetic measuring instruments for all practical geodetic tasks, as well as for experimental geodetic scientific purposes. Their development has a long history. Photo and video theodolites represent the advanced development of classic theodolites. Development started in 19th century, but only in the last 15 years has commercial application been achieved in the geodetic profession. The latest development, called image-assisted total stations (IATS), is a theodolite which consists of a classic robotic total station (RTS) with integrated image sensors. It was introduced in the early 2000s. With the development of theodolites, their application became much wider; today, they can be used for structural and geo- monitoring, i.e., for the determination of static and dynamic displacements and deformations of civil engineering structures such as bridges, dams, wind turbines, and high buildings, as well as natural structures, such as mountain slopes
Theodolite
Total station
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Electronic theodolite,total station measuring angle’s technique is rather advanced,it overcomes a lot of errors of optical theodolite measuring angle.But observation of horizontal angle by electionic theodolite still needs to be made according to optical theodolite operation criterion because there are no electionic theodolite opertion criterion.By analysing a great deal of exeriment data,the auther concludes relation between horizontal angle observation accuracy of electionic theodolite and position number,and it contrasts to optical theodolite\s operation certerion, and horizontal angle observation position number by electionic theodolite observing in difference order is determined.Using the conclusion we can develop fully the advantage advance of electionic theodolite,save time,raise work efficiency.
Theodolite
Position (finance)
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The position of a pilot balloon or any other airborne target which is followed by two theodolites is usually computed by means of the known baselength (i.e., the distance between the two theodolite stations) and three observed angle readings. It is to be noted, however, that four angle readings are available. In order to obtain an optimum estimation of the target's location the theory of adjustment of observations should be applied. With this method the estimation of the location is based on making the magnitude of the (root mean square) error a minimum. The method is particularly suitable for high speed electronic computers. The error analysis makes it possible to give some valuable hints in planning specific experiments with two optical or radio theodolites.
Theodolite
Position (finance)
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Non-orthogonal shaft laser theodolite (N-theodolite) is a new kind of large-scale metrological instrument made up by two rotary tables and one collimated laser. There are three axes for an N-theodolite. According to naming conventions in traditional theodolite, rotary axes of two rotary tables are called as horizontal axis and vertical axis, respectively, and the collimated laser beam is named as sight axis. And the difference between N-theodolite and traditional theodolite is obvious, since the former one with no orthogonal and intersecting accuracy requirements. So the calibration method for traditional theodolite is no longer suitable for N-theodolite, while the calibration method applied currently is really complicated. Thus this paper introduces a novel calibration method for non-orthogonal shaft laser theodolite measurement system to simplify the procedure and to improve the calibration accuracy. A simple two-step process, calibration for intrinsic parameters and for extrinsic parameters, is proposed by the novel method. And experiments have shown its efficiency and accuracy.
Theodolite
Collimated light
Laser tracker
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In order to track and measure the high target,a level mounting theodolite was designed.The ship-swaying coordinate transformation was adopted in order to closely relate to the altitude-azimuth theodolite.The other two kinds of coordinate transformation were also educed by geometry.Simulation by Matlab and practical applications demonstrated their accuracy and accordance.This paper offers the reliable formula for the level mounting theodolite and provides reference for other engineering applications of the theodolite.
Theodolite
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Theodolite can measure level angle and height angle with goal relative to station and can point spacecoordinate of goal through several theodolite joining measure or single survey. Thereby amount of the three error axis of theodolite directly affect measures precision. This paper introduces the three error axis of theodolite with the utilization of the coordinate to the variation and makes the comparison between the result and the utilization of spherule trigonometry. Thereby for the new method of the three error axis of theodolite was searched.
Theodolite
Variation (astronomy)
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Theodolites are precision instruments used extensively in construction work for measuring angles in the horizontal and vertical planes. Two types of theodolite are used and these are either optical theodolites which need to be read manually or electronic theodolites which are capable of displaying readings automatically.
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The Coast and Geodetic Survey has experienced so much difficulty in the past few years in obtaining satisfactory first‐order theodolites, and by this I mean instruments which can be read to one second of arc, that we have decided to design an instrument ourselves which will embody the various desirable features of existing theodolites, and also such other characteristics as our field experience has indicated will aid in making a more rugged, portable, and easily operated instrument. Briefly, the essentials of a theodolite such as we need are lightness, ruggedness, a perfectly graduated circle, frictionless centers, and perfect optical qualities. Perfection, of course, can only be approximated.
Theodolite
Perfection
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In order to resolve the rapid positroning of the theodocite,improve using efficiency,giving to target position measurement method for theodolite using 2D radar distance data in a same station,combining pitch angle measurement dat-as of theodolite,conversioning radar measuring data to theodolite distance to target.Position error analysis indicate,when the position measured precision less than 5m,meeting position measured demand to target.The theodolite position measured does not need intersection measurement with other theodolites,which reducing the limit to the theodolites station.
Theodolite
Position (finance)
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Theories of surveying an angle with electronic theodolite(T3000/T2000s) are introduced.Its communication with the computer and the delay time of surveying an angle with electronic theodolite are researched into. The characteristics and stability of the delay time in electronic theodolite's angular measurements are analysed. Utilization of electronic theodolite in the observation of astronomical longitude and altitude are put forward. Grade 1 observation of geodetic astronomy by using high precise electronic theodolite is realized.
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Longitude
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