Mismatch Negativity in Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Event Abstract Back to Event Mismatch Negativity in Autism Spectrum Disorder Ulrich Schall1, 2*, Benjamin Weismueller3, 4, Renate Thienel2, 3, Anne-Marie Youlden5 and Ross Fulham3 1 University of Newcastle, PRC Translational Neuroscience & Mental Health Research, Australia 2 Schizophrenia Research Institute, Australia 3 University of Newcastle, Australia 4 University of Bremen, Germany 5 Educare, Australia Background: Growing evidence suggests impaired low-level sound processing in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Mismatch Negativity (MMN) represents a psychophysiological measure of low-level sound processing in primary auditory cortex. A reduction of the MMN event-related potential has been repeatedly reported in children diagnosed with ASD. However, previous studies did not sufficiently take into account developmental changes in sensory processing of auditory information. We hypothesized that the ability to process complex auditory information improves with brain development but not in ASD. Methods: Study participants were 18 boys aged between 6 to 15 years meeting DSM-IV ASD criteria. Data were compared to 15 age-matched healthy boys. All study participants were neuropsychologically assessed including IQ (Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence). MMN was recorded in response to pitch, intensity, and stimulus duration deviance as well as in response to complex sounds (i.e. phonemes). Results: ASD children presented with lower IQ and impaired performance in verbal fluency and social cognition. Verbal fluency performance significantly correlated with MMN amplitudes in response to phoneme deviants. A strong differential association of MMN with age depending on stimulus complexity was equally found in both groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that MMN captures brain maturation of low-level auditory information in 6 to 15 year old boys but does not discriminate children with ASD from their healthy counterparts despite ASD children were presenting with poor verbal fluency, lower IQ, and impaired social cognition. Keywords: mismatch negativity, brain maturation, verbal fluency, Austism, phonems Conference: XII International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON-XII), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 27 Jul - 31 Jul, 2014. Presentation Type: Poster Topic: Cognition and Executive Processes Citation: Schall U, Weismueller B, Thienel R, Youlden A and Fulham R (2015). Mismatch Negativity in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Conference Abstract: XII International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON-XII). doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2015.217.00387 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 19 Feb 2015; Published Online: 24 Apr 2015. * Correspondence: Prof. Ulrich Schall, University of Newcastle, PRC Translational Neuroscience & Mental Health Research, Newcastle, Australia, Ulrich.schall@newcastle.edu.au Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Ulrich Schall Benjamin Weismueller Renate Thienel Anne-Marie Youlden Ross Fulham Google Ulrich Schall Benjamin Weismueller Renate Thienel Anne-Marie Youlden Ross Fulham Google Scholar Ulrich Schall Benjamin Weismueller Renate Thienel Anne-Marie Youlden Ross Fulham PubMed Ulrich Schall Benjamin Weismueller Renate Thienel Anne-Marie Youlden Ross Fulham Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.Keywords:
Auditory event
Sensory memory
Stimulus (psychology)
The mismatch negativity (MMN) is a passively elicited event-related potential that is extremely sensitive to acoustic stimulus properties. The MMN was characterized in normal adults and school-age children in response to speech stimuli differing minimally in the onset frequency of the second and third formant transitions. The speech-evoked MMN consists of a negative waveform at about 230 msec that occurs in response to the deviant stimulus when it is presented in an oddball paradigm. It is absent in response to that same stimulus when presented alone. The MMN was clearly present in all adults and children tested. Using the procedures developed in this study, this event-related potential was found to be robust enough in individual subjects to be considered a potential clinical measure for assessing central auditory function in school-age children and adults.
Stimulus (psychology)
Oddball paradigm
Evoked potential
Auditory event
Negativity effect
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Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an event-related potential that is elicited by deviant sounds that are presented along with frequent sounds in the absence of attention. Auditory MMN is generated by the comparison process between sensory memory trace of a frequent auditory event and a deviant event. It is well known that frequent sounds are encoded in memory trace and processed as a single unit within 160-170 ms. This study examined whether deviant sound would be similarly processed as a temporal unit. Twelve healthy men were presented with relatively short standard sounds and relatively long deviant sounds that contained an omitted (i.e. silent) part. Three types of deviant sounds were designed to vary in duration. The MMN amplitude was gradually enhanced from the short to long duration deviant events that contained an omitted part. In contrast, MMN latency showed no significant differences among the deviants. These findings show that deviant sounds are also processed as a unitary event.
Sensory memory
Engram
Echoic memory
Auditory event
Contingent negative variation
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Background:
Impaired P300 (P3) generation is one of the most robust indices of brain dysfunction in schizophrenia. This study investigates the integrity of cognitive eventrelated potentials that precede P3 in an "oddball" paradigm to determine the earliest stages at which auditory information processing is impaired in schizophrenia.Methods:
Cognitive event-related potential components including mismatch negativity (MMN), N2, and P3 were recorded from subjects with chronic schizophrenia who were receiving medication (n=20), from those who were withdrawn from drug treatment (n=11), and from healthy volunteers (n=11) during an auditory oddball paradigm. Recordings were made in both passive and active response conditions. The MMN, N2, and P3 amplitudes were compared across groups and the degree of MMN deficit was correlated with the degree of P3 reduction as a function of diagnostic group.Results:
Schizophrenic subjects showed severe impairments in the generation of MMN and N2 as well as P3. Across groups, the decrement in MMN amplitude correlated significantly with the decrement in P3 amplitude. There were no significant between-group differences in MMN topography.Conclusions:
The present study demonstrates that the neurophysiological deficits associated with schizophrenia, as reflected in cognitive event-related potential generation, are pervasive, extending even to the level of the sensory cortex. Mismatch negativity indexes the functioning of an automatic alerting mechanism designed to stimulate individuals to explore unexpected environmental events. Dysfunction of this mechanism may contribute to the deficit state associated with schizophrenia.Oddball paradigm
Sensory memory
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Echoic memory
Sensory memory
Auditory event
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The N1, P2, and P3 event-related potentials (ERPs) are impaired in first-episode schizophrenia (FESz). Reduced pitch-deviant mismatch negativity (MMN) is present in chronic schizophrenia but not FESz. We examined effect sizes of, and correlations between, N1, P2, P3, and MMN in 106 FESz and 114 matched psychiatrically well controls to determine which ERPs maximally differentiated groups, and whether late sensory/perceptual deficits (N1, P2) affected preattentive memory (MMN) and conscious attention (P3). Furthermore, we compared hallucinators and nonhallucinators within FESz. Participants completed 1 of 3 oddball tasks, silently counting target tones among standard tones. Sixty-seven FESz and 72 matched participants also completed pitch-deviant MMN testing. Measures were z-scored from task appropriate controls before merging samples. Mean z-scores for N1, P2, and P3 were significantly abnormal in FESz, while pitch-deviant MMN was not. N1 showed the largest deficit (z = 0.53), and only N1 was smaller in hallucinators (n = 71) than nonhallucinators (n = 27). Among all participants, early sensory processing (N1, P2) correlated with later cognitive processing (P3), and P2 and P3 also correlated with automatic preattentive memory (pitch-deviant MMN). In well individuals, N1 was associated with MMN. These data are consistent with bottom-up sensory/perceptual processes affecting more cognitive processes. However, N1 and MMN were not associated in FESz, suggesting different auditory cortex physiology underlie these ERPs, which is differentially affected in FESz. Larger P2 and P3 with greater estimated premorbid intellect in patients indicate a possible neuroprotective effect of intellect in FESz.
Schizophrenia Spectrum
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An event-related brain potential (ERP) component called mismatch negativity (MMN) is elicited by physically deviant auditory stimuli presented among repetitive, "standard," stimuli. MMN reflects a mismatch process between sensory input from the deviant stimulus and a shortduration neuronal representation developed by the standard stimulus. The MMN amplitude is known to correlate with pitch-discrimination performance. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the MMN is different in absolute pitch (AP) possessors and nonpossessors. ERPs were recorded from AP and non-AP groups, which were matched with regard to musical training. It was found that deviant stimuli differing from standard tones by a quartertone or a semitone elicited an MMN irrespective of whether the stimulus was located on (white key/black key) or off the Western musical scale. These results were obtained with both sinusoidal and piano tones. The MMN was larger and earlier when the stimuli were piano tones than when they were sinusoidal tones and when the standard-deviant difference amounted to a semitone rather than a quartertone. However, differences between the groups were not found in auditory information processing reflected by the MMN component of the ERP. In the light of the earlier MMN results showing a close correlation between the MMN and pitch- discrimination accuracy, it might be concluded that pitch discrimination and identification are based on different brain mechanisms. In addition, the differences in the MMN amplitude and latency between sinusoidal and piano tones might be interpreted as suggesting that sensory memory traces, as reflected by the MMN, are capable of storing information of very complex sound structures also.
Sensory memory
Semitone
Stimulus (psychology)
Auditory event
P3a
Absolute pitch
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In adults, deviant sounds occurring among repetitive standard sounds elicit the mismatch negativity (MMN) component of auditory event‐related brain potential (ERP) even when these sounds are not attended to. MMN appears to be generated in the auditory cortex by a comparison process between deviant auditory input and a neuronal sensory‐memory trace that is formed by the repetitive standard stimuli and which represents their physical features. Recent ERP studies have shown that MMN is also elicited in newborns and in older infants by physical changes in simple tones, as well as by changes in phonemes. Thus, MMN might provide a new tool for objective assessment of normal and deficient development of auditory discrimination, sensory memory, and speech perception in infants.
Sensory memory
Echoic memory
Engram
Auditory perception
Auditory event
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The auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) is a change-specific component of the auditory event-related brain potential (ERP) that is elicited even in the absence of attention and can be used as an objective index of sound-discrimination accuracy and auditory sensory memory. The MMN enables one to reach a new level of understanding of the brain processes forming the biological substrate of central auditory perception and the different forms of auditory memory. A review of MMN studies indicates that the central auditory system performs complex cognitive operations, such as generalization leading to simple concept formation (e.g., a rising pair irrespective of the specific frequency values), rule extraction, and the anticipation of the next stimulus at the preattentive level. These findings demonstrate the presence of a cognitive change-detection mechanism in the auditory cortex.
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Echoic memory
Stimulus (psychology)
P3a
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Mismatch negativity (MMN) of the event related potential (ERP) is generated when patients can discriminate two different kinds of stimuli even if he or she is not conscious of their differences. The authors examined auditory ERPs of passive paradigm in 16 patients with severe multiple handicaps. All patients showed no or scarce clinical response to human voices or environmental sounds. This study investigated whether they showed MMN, since it is hard to evaluate their auditory perception clinically. Auditory stimuli were the tone bursts of 700 and 1,000 Hz in frequency offered at a 4:1 occurrence. Nine of 16 patients showed a definite N2 wave followed by an N 1 wave. The latency of the N 2 wave ranged from 150 to 596 milliseconds after the onset of the target stimuli. This N 2 was considered compatible with mismatch negativity (MMN) in healthy patients. These results suggest that the patients could discriminate subtle difference in two kinds of tones, although their responses to auditory stimuli were very poor.
Auditory event
Negativity effect
Auditory stimuli
Sensory memory
Auditory perception
Tone (literature)
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The mismatch negativity (MMN) is an event-related potential component that signifies neurophysiological processing of fine acoustic differences. The MMN indicates attention-independent change detection, reflects auditory sensory memory and provides a physiological measure of difference sensitivity. This paper will provide an overview of current research where results gained by MMN testing in different patient groups were central to the interpretation of an assumed abnormality of processing or storing acoustic features.
Sensory memory
Auditory event
Neurophysiology
Negativity effect
Component (thermodynamics)
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