Immunization Studies with a Cell-Culture-Adapted Infectious Bursal Disease Virus
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Abstract:
A cell-culture-adapted infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was as effective as a commercial vaccine in protecting against challenge. Chickens immunized with the cell-culture-adapted IBDV showed less effect on the bursa than chickens vaccinated with the commercial vaccine. The cell-culture-adapted virus produced effective immunity after oral or subcutaneous inoculation. The minimum immunizing dose in one-day-old chicks was between 4,000 and 40,000 plaqueforming units (PFU) when given by subcutaneous injection. Most chicks responded to a dose of 4,000 PFU. Ninety percent of maternally immune chickens were effectively vaccinated at two weeks of age when the geometric mean titer for virus-neutralizing antibody (GMT-VN) was about 1:78. Birds from this same group could not be immunized at one week of age when the GMT-VN was 1:466.Keywords:
Infectious bursal disease
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A recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) virus expressing mature viral protein 2 (VP2) of the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was constructed to develop MVA-based vaccines for poultry.We demonstrated that this recombinant virus was able to induce a specific immune response by observing the production of anti-IBDV-seroneutralizing antibodies in specific pathogen-free chickens.Besides, as the epitopes of VP2 responsible to induce IBDV-neutralizing antibodies are discontinuous, our results suggest that VP2 protein expressed from MVA-VP2 maintained the correct conformational structure.To our knowledge, this is the first report on the usefulness of MVA-based vectors for developing recombinant vaccines for poultry.
Infectious bursal disease
Immunogen
Newcastle Disease
Specific-pathogen-free
Recombinant virus
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In recent years, infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) has become a serious economic problem as a result of the emergence of new and very virulent strains. Most of the antibodies produced against IBDV are for the structural proteins viral protein (VP) 2 (VP2) and VP3. The purpose of this study was to test the potential of recombinant VP3 to induce protective antibodies. The gene for VP3 was isolated from a virulent strain of the virus and cloned into prokaryotic (Escherichia coli) and eukaryotic (baculovirus) expression systems. The protein expressed by both systems was of the expected size (32 kD) and was detected by anti-IBDV antibodies. Following partial purification, the polypeptides were injected into intact birds and induced the production of high levels of anti-IBDV antibodies, as detected by immunoblot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests. These antibodies did not prevent changes in the bursa and mortality when birds were challenged with a virulent IBDV strain after vaccination with the recombinant VP3. The results show that VP3 polypeptide cannot be used as a subunit vaccine against IBDV and raise questions concerning the nature of the neutralizing epitope on this structural protein.
Infectious bursal disease
Attenuated vaccine
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Influence of Marek’s disease virus (MDV) infections on antibody titers induced by newcastle disease virus (NDV) and infectious bursal disease (IBDV) vaccines was studied.The results indicated that HI titers to NDV in birds challenged with vvMDV strain RBlB (at the age of 2 weeks) or vMDV strain GA (at the age of 7 days) were significantly lower than that in control birds.However,the ELISA titers to IBDV were not significantly different between MDV-infected birds and controls.
Infectious bursal disease
Newcastle Disease
Marek's disease
Antibody titer
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Serotype 1 of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) adapted to chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) was used for the preparation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antigen. After several passages of diluted viruses in CEF cultures, the titer of seed virus increased to 1.2 x 10(8) plaque-forming units/ml. Purified virus prepared from this seed virus had high titers of antigen and was less nonspecific than that from low titer of seed virus in an ELISA. The nonspecific reaction of purified virus decreased further after treatment with Triton X-100. When the specificity of this treated antigen was examined with specific-pathogen-free chicken sera before and during lay and with 14 antisera to some major avian viruses, this ELISA antigen had no nonspecific reaction and was specific to antibodies to serotypes 1 and 2 of IBDV.
Infectious bursal disease
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Infectious bursal disease
Newcastle Disease
Primer (cosmetics)
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The Becht strain of infectious bursal disease virus was compared with a virus isolated from Aedes vexans mosquitoes and designed 743 virus. The viruses were compared with respect to cell culture host range, cellular changes resulting from viral infections, growth curves, antigenic relationship, and physicochemical characteristics. The viruses are closely comparable in all these properties, and they are considered to be strains of the same virus. In cross comparisons by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 743 virus and infectious bursal disease virus were found to be antigenically identical, confirming the results of the neutralization test. The 743 virus differs from most strains of infectious bursal disease virus in that it is nonpathogenic for chickens.
Infectious bursal disease
Aedes vexans
Orbivirus
Strain (injury)
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In response to the emergency of variant and very virulent infectious bursal disease virus(IBDV)strains and to solve the problem of time-consuming in screening of the conventional live vaccines,a recombinant virus rGtHLJVP2was generated based on the epidemiological investigation with its VP2gene cloned from a prevalent very virulent IBDV(vvIBDV)strain HLJ0504.To adapt this virus to CEF cells,two mutations of Q253Hand A284Twere introduced in its VP2gene.It was then used to replace the corresponding region of the attenuated IBDV vaccine strain Gt.The constructed virus rGtHLJVP2had comparable replication ability to its parental virus Gt in vitro and in vivo.The animal experiments showed that rGtHLJVP2had no pathogenicity in chickens with bursa index above 0.7and no significant bursal atrophy.The recombinant virus induced a good immune response with the antibody titer significantly higher than that induced by the parental virus Gt,and it provided full protection against vvIBDV challenge.In addition,the recombinant virus rGtHLJVP2had good genetic stability.This study provides the solid foundation for the development of IBD vaccines and is significant for the prevention of IBDV infection.
Infectious bursal disease
Attenuated vaccine
Recombinant virus
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Infectious bursal disease
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A recombinant vaccinia virus inducibly expressing ORF A1 of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) has been constructed and characterized. Cells infected with this recombinant virus express the IBDV polyprotein, which is proteolytically processed to give mature VP2, VP3, and VP4 polypeptides. An electron microscopy study revealed that the cytoplasm of cells infected with the recombinant virus contains abundant IBDV-like particles (VLP). These VLP form close-packed paracrystalline arrays that are specifically recognized by anti-IBDV antibodies. The size and morphology of purified VLP were found to be akin to those of authentic IBDV particles.
Infectious bursal disease
Virus-like particle
Recombinant virus
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Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes a highly immunosuppressive disease in chickens. Currently available, live IBDV vaccines can lead to generation of variant viruses. We have developed an alternative vaccine that will not create variant IBDV. By using the reverse genetics approach, we devised a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vector from a commonly used vaccine strain LaSota to express the host-protective immunogen VP2 of a variant IBDV strain GLS-5. The gene encoding the VP2 protein of the IBDV was inserted into the most 3'-proximal locus of a full-length NDV cDNA for high-level expression. We successfully recovered the recombinant virus, rLaSota/VP2. The rLaSota/VP2 was genetically stable, at least up to 12 serial passages in chicken embryos, and was shown to express the VP2 protein. The VP2 protein was not incorporated into the virions of recombinant virus. Recombinant rLaSota/VP2 replicated to a titer similar to that of parental NDV strain LaSota in chicken embryos and cell cultures. To assess protective efficacy of the rLaSota/VP2, 2-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were vaccinated with the recombinant virus and challenged with a highly virulent NDV strain Texas GB or IBDV variant strain GLS-5 at 3 weeks postvaccination. Vaccination with rLaSota/VP2 generated antibody responses against both NDV and IBDV and provided 90% protection against NDV and IBDV. Booster immunization induced higher levels of antibody responses against both NDV and IBDV and conferred complete protection against both viruses. These results indicate that the recombinant NDV can be used as a vaccine vector for other avian pathogens.
Infectious bursal disease
Newcastle Disease
Recombinant virus
Attenuated vaccine
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