Hybrid sliding mode control for two cells converter
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This paper deals with the switching design for two cells converter. With a systematic manner and a geometric analysis, we developed a novel switching surfaces using the sliding mode control theory. The limit cycle of the converter is taken in consideration in the control design phase. The proposed control scheme combines the performances of PWM control techniques (optimal steady state) and the advantages of the direct control strategies (control of the transitory state). This is validated through simulation under fast variations of the input voltage.Keywords:
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Three-phase
In the paper a Web based teaching of Pulse Width Modulaiton (PWM) methods for three-phase bridge converters is presented. In the first part the basic methods of PWM: carrier based sinusoidal (CB-SPWM), carrier based PWM with zero sequence signal (CB-ZSS-PWM), and space vector modulation (SVM) are discussed. Special emphasis is given to relations between CB-ZSS-PWM and SVM. In the second part selected applets which are developed in the Institute of Control and Industrial Electronics, Warsaw University of Technology for individual teaching of PWM methods are briefly described www.isep.pw.edu.pl/icg/vlab).
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The paper presents switching techniques for pulse-width-modulated-based z-source inverter; simple boost PWM, maximum boost PWM, maximum constant boost PWM, modified-reference PWM, modified space vector PWM, hysteresis current control, and sine carrier PWM. Concepts and ideas behind the techniques are briefly explained. An overall view is summed up of the PWM controls, in terms of their achievements and system involvement in ZSI.
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Among the carrier based pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques, Phase Shifted PWM (PS-PWM) technique is preferred for Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) multilevel inverters. This technique distributes power evenly among the modules and also ensures equal utilization of inverter switches within a module. On the other hand Carrier Disposition PWM (CD-PWM) technique has superior output voltage profile, but results in uneven power distribution and non-uniform switch utilization. Modified CD-PWM and Hybrid-PWM techniques can be used to mitigate the problem related to uneven power distribution. In this paper, the performance comparison of above mentioned modulation techniques is presented for a 7-level CHB multilevel inverter for same device switching frequency. It is found that at low modulation index, the line voltage and line current THDs are less with Hybrid-PWM technique as compared to those with PS-PWM and Modified CD-PWM techniques. But in Hybrid PWM technique, the switches within a module are not equally utilized. A Modified Hybrid-PWM technique is proposed, which retains the power distribution and uniform switch utilization features of PS-PWM technique and results in output voltage profile similar to that with Hybrid-PWM technique.
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Fully digital AC drives with pulse width modulated inverters are becoming an industrial standard. For PWM inverters several strategies are used. A complete view of the most common carrier based strategies, as sinusoidal PWM, third harmonic injected PWM, discontinuous or dead band PWM and space vector PWM is presented. The authors propose a method based on 'quality factors' to evaluate the different types of modulation.< >
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Harmonic Analysis
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The paper proposes new asymmetrical PWM that can be used for operation of multilevel inverters. The working and construction principle of this PWM is demonstrated on 13-level PWM signal that is applied to nine-level inverter and operates it as 13-level inverter. The proposed PWM signal consists of 5-level hybrid PWM which is constructed from two PWM signals- combined parts of the standard 5-level Phase Disposition (PD) PWM and pulsed PWM. The sum of these two PWM signals produces the desired 13-level PWM signal that is applied to the 9-level cascaded inverter. The proposed PWM method allows reduction of 13-level inverter components compared to the standard topologies such as neutral point clamped or flying capacitor inverters. This results in smaller size, weight and cists of the inverter.. Extensive simulation results validate the practicability of the proposed PWM method. The proposed method can be extended to any desired number of levels.
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Pulse-width modulation (PWM) methods used in variable-speed drives (VSD) do not only differ in the way of using the zero vectors, but also in the quantity of producing inverter and motor losses. Often, the normalized weighted total harmonic distortion (WTHDn) or similar criteria are used as benchmarks of PWM-induced motor losses when comparing different PWM schemes. To provide a better basis for comparison, in this paper the real losses in a 7.5-kW motor are calculated and set in relation to the WTHDn. The carrier frequencies of the investigated PWM methods are adjusted such that all PWM methods generate equal harmonic motor losses. Different known PWM methods (e.g. DPWM2) are then benchmarked under these conditions. Furthermore, a hybrid PWM consisting of a mix of continuous and discontinuous PWM schemes is investigated in terms of reducing the inverter and motor losses simultaneously. The simulation results are validated against measured losses.
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Multilevel Inverter (MI) is extensively used in industries to change the output voltage and frequency of drive. MI is not only serving in industries but also in domestic applications. PWM plays an important role to control the switching of multilevel inverter. This paper depicts the analysis & comparison of various Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) techniques for multilevel inverter to the PMSM drive in order to control speed and torque. Out of all PWM, the discussed PWM are sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) & Hysteresis PWM (HPWM). To prepare the results of various PWM techniques, these various techniques are connected to Five Level Cascaded Inverter (FLCI).
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Discontinuous pulse‐width modulation (PWM) techniques result in reduced power loss in voltage source inverters. This study presents the space vector approach to the three‐level discontinuous PWM technique. The switching sequences for four basic types of discontinuous PWM and the implementation are presented. An improved discontinuous PWM algorithm is presented for low modulation index region. All these algorithms are verified experimentally and the results are presented. The performance of discontinuous PWM algorithms is compared with that of conventional space vector‐based PWM algorithms.
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The paper presents switching techniques for pulse-width-modulated-based z-source inverter; simple boost PWM, maximum boost PWM, maximum constant boost PWM, modified-reference PWM, modified space vector PWM, hysteresis current control, and sine carrier PWM. Concepts and ideas behind the techniques are briefly explained. An overall view is summed up of the PWM controls, in terms of their achievements and system involvement in ZSI.
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In the paper a Internet based teaching of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) methods for three-level inverters is presented. In the first part the basic methods of PWM modulation are discussed. In the second part selected applets for individual teaching of PWM methods will be briefly described.
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