Floating Gate Power Supplies for Flying Capacitor Multilevel Converters
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There is a possibility of the realization of high output power density converters by introducing flying capacitor multilevel topologies. However, as the number of the levels increases, the number of circuit components will exceed the practical limit of the implementation. Thus, from the practical viewpoint, the main circuit and related gate drive circuits including floating gate power supplies should be integrated. In this letter, charge pump circuits, already proposed for conventional 2-level converters, are extended to the floating gate power supplies for the flying capacitor multilevel converters.Keywords:
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Switched capacitor
Differential Power Processing (DPP) converters have been recently utilized for reducing the losses in partially shaded PV systems. Through enabling new paths for currents, shaded panels have less impact on blocking higher currents from series connected PV modules. This ultimately results in harvesting more power from partially shaded PV units. Unfortunately, the number of required DPP converters increases linearly with the number of series PV units. To address this challenge, this paper investigates the possibility of reconfiguring DPP converters reducing the number of needed converters. Instead of using a complete set of DPP converters, reconfiguring DPP converters could substantially reduce the number of needed converters. The used DPP converters will be connected to shaded units and reconfigured online with changes in shadings to reduce the mismatch power losses. Validation and verification through simulation is conducted to demonstration the effectiveness of the proposed idea.
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A family of switched-capacitor based resonant converters is present.All converters are in step-downmode.By adding different number of switched-capacitor cells,different output voltage conversion ratio can beobtained.All switching devices in the converters operate under zero-current switching.Both high frequencyoperations and high efficiency are possible.
Switched capacitor
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Ac-dc power conversion can either be done with two separate converter stages or with a single converter stage. Two-stage ac-dc converters, however, can be costly and complex and the performance of single-stage converters is compromised due to a reduced number of components. Several researchers have therefore proposed adding some sort of auxiliary circuit consisting of a second switch and some passive elements to single-stage converters to improve their performance. Although these quasi-single-stage (QSS) converters may have two converters, they are not two-stage converters as they do not have two separate and independently controlled converters that are always operating to convert power from one form to another. In the paper, the operation of ac-dc single-stage converters is first reviewed and their characteristics are noted. The operation of several QSS converters, including one proposed by the authors, is then discussed, and the paper concludes by presenting experimental results that confirm the feasibility of the proposed converter.
Single stage
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Among the various multi-level topologies, flying capacitor converters will be promising multi-level converters from the view point of the high power density because the size of the capacitors is expected to be minimized in small converters with higher switching frequency. Although the voltages of the flying capacitors theoretically can stay in the balanced condition, they tend to unbalance under some particular conditions in the practical converters. So far, the mechanism of the voltage balance of the flying capacitors associated with the circuit operation has not been clarified fully. In this paper, the self-balancing function of the capacitor voltage is analyzed quantitatively. Based on the analysis, the operating condition under which the capacitor voltages are balanced is clarified. The analytical results are useful to realize the simple flying capacitor converters without additional forced balancing control.
Filter capacitor
Reservoir capacitor
Film capacitor
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1. Terminology, specifications and evaluation techniques 2. Scaled D to A converters 3. High resolution scaled D to A converters 4. Feedback A to D converters 5. Algorithmic converters 6. Rampfunction converters 7. Delta-sigma converters 8. Fast A to D converters Appendix: simulations
Delta-sigma modulation
Sigma
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This paper summarizes the results of the survey of a technical committee of IEEJ. Converters are classified in detail for AC/DC converters, AC converters, DC converters and resonant converters. New circuits and the latest trends in power conversion are also introduced.
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The new enlarged third edition of this textbook presents the latest concepts and basics of dc-dc converters, including analysis, simulation, control, and selected applications. Several new chapters and paragraphs,recent references, and a complete new chapter presenting design case studies of switching converters have been added. The book now has 14 chapters all together, covering the following topics: 1) Introduction to Switching Converters; Basic Switching Converter Topologies; Resonant Converters; Isolated Switching Converters; Control Schemes of Switching Converters; Continuous-Time Modeling of Switching Converters; Analog Control of Switching Converters; Discrete-Time Modeling of Switching Converters; Digital Control of Switching Converters; Interleaved Converters; Switched Capacitor Converters; Simulation of Switching Converters; Applications of Switching Converters; and Switching Converter Design Case Study.
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A simple technique is proposed to adjust coefficients of transfer functions in switched-capacitor circuits. Transfer-function-coefficients are defined by capacitor-values considering full-charge transfer among capacitors. The proposed tuning technique in this paper is based on adjusting the amount of charge transferred from one capacitor to next capacitor. By all means, the net charge transferred in switchedcapacitor circuits will effectively modify transfer function of a particular block without modifying individual capacitor values.
Switched capacitor
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Waveguide
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