Cloning and Characterization of a cDNA Encoding Type 1 Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase from Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
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Abstract:
A full-length cDNA encoding a putative diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT; EC 2.3.1.20) was obtained from sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds. The 1524-bp open reading frame of this cDNA, designated as HaDGAT1, encodes a protein of 507 amino acids with a molecular mass of 58.5 kDa showing high homology to DGAT1 enzymes of other plants. The protein characters, such as a predicted structure with a long N-terminal hydrophilic domain followed by 9 transmembrane domains, acyl-CoA-binding signature, diacylglycerol (DAG)-binding and putative endoplasmic reticulum retrieval motifs (ER-DIR), also indicated that HaDGAT belongs to the DGAT1 family. HaDGAT1 is expressed in all plant tissues especially in developing seeds. Expression of recombinant HaDGAT1 in yeast showed an 1.76-fold increase of total fatty acids, especially unsaturated fatty acids such as palmitoleic acid (enhanced by 86.6%) and oleic acid (enhanced by 81.6%).Keywords:
Helianthus annuus
Acyltransferases
The phytoindication properties of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as a possible bioindicator of anthropogenic load of the territory are analyzed in the article by means of a technique of estimation of size of fluctuating asymmetry of a leaf plate of plants. The influence of the spatial location of sunflower crops and the influence of genotype on the development of morphometric traits of plants were studied. The study was conducted in late July 2019–2020, when the vegetative organs of sunflower reached their maximum development. The material was selected for research at nine points (nine fields) located in the Zaporizhzhia region, at different distances and in different directions from the industrial zone of Zaporizhzhia (Zavodsky district). To study the influence of genotype on the morphological characteristics of sunflower, a study of eight hybrids that grew under the same conditions in the demonstration area in Vasylivka district of Zaporizhzhia region was conducted. The integrated index of fluctuating asymmetry of sunflower was in the range of 0.062–0.114, with the largest indicator of fluctuating asymmetry was observed in the area closest to the industrial zone of Zaporizhzhia – north of Zaporizhzhia. The lowest rate was observed in the area – 5 – east of Zaporizhzhia. The integrated index of fluctuating asymmetry of sunflower hybrids grown in the same soil and climatic conditions in the demonstration area ranged from 0.070 to 0.093. Based on research conducted in 2019–2020, we concluded that the species sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), despite its distribution, is not suitable for use as a bioindication plant in the study of the level of man-made load in the area. We obtained significant differences in the development of morphometric parameters of sunflower leaves (Helianthus annuus L.) grown in areas far from the industrial zone of Zaporizhzhia. Hybrids, which differed in morpho-economic characteristics, were grown in the same soil and climatic conditions and with the same agricultural techniques, on the demonstration site, also showed significant fluctuations in the integral index of fluctuating asymmetry.
Helianthus annuus
Fluctuating asymmetry
Helianthus
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Abstract Plant species differ in their external and internal boron (B) requirements. The present research was conducted to establish the external and internal B requirements of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) at early vegetative growth. At low external B concentrations (≤ 0.13 μM), the growth of sunflower was severely depressed but by contrast the vegetative growth of wheat plants was free of B deficiency "symptoms. Sunflower plants achieved maximum growth at ≥ 1.2 μM B in solutions while wheat plants did so at ≥ 0.6 μM B. The critical B concentrations (mg kg−1 dry matter) in the youngest open leaf blades of sunflower and wheat plants were 19.7 and 1.2 at 10 days after transplanting (DAT), respectively. Acknowledgments
Helianthus annuus
Transplanting
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Helianthus annuus
Helianthus
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Abstract Abstract Gas exchange characteristics were investigated in the showy sunflower (Helianthus laetiflora) and in the common sunflower (H. annuus) to determine the importance of stomatal control of photosynthesis under glasshouse conditions. Leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) were measured on a leaf‐area basis of pot‐grown plants in the glasshouse by a portable photosynthesis measuring system. In response to gradually increasing light, Pn showed a sharp increase and then remained steady for both sunflower species, whereas the response of Ci was the inverse, first decreasing with increasing light before later becoming steady. In the common sunflower, gs increased and then remained constant with increasing light (similar to Pn), whereas in the showy sunflower, gs remained relatively constant except for slight fluctuations evident at the lowest light levels. The responses of Pn and gs to Ci were similar to the light responses in both sunflower species. Similar changes in the diurnal response of Pn and Ci were observed in both sunflowers, both species increased (for Pn) or decreased (for Ci) during the day. In the showy sunflower, gs hardly changed during the day, whereas in the common sunflower it increased and then decreased. Obvious positive correlations between Pn and gs were observed in the common sunflower, more so than in the showy sunflower. The limitation of stomata to photosynthesis (Ls) was greater in the common sunflower but the values of Ls were high in both species. It is suggested that stomatal control plays a role in both species but that there was a more obvious stomatal limitation to photosynthesis in the common sunflower under unstressed conditions. The difference in photosynthetic characteristics may correlate with different physiological specialisations in the two species. Keywords: gas exchangephysiological specialisationstomatal correlationstomatal limitationsunflower
Helianthus annuus
Stomatal Conductance
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Abstract Response of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) to sulphur applied ca. 0, 30, 90 and 150 mg kg ‐1 and nitrogen applied ca. 0, 100 and 200 mg kg ‐1 soil were studied on a Typic Camborthids in greenhouse. Nitrogen and S application had a significant (P < 0.01) main and interactive effect on seed yield and dry weight of leaves and stem. Cumulative N and S contents of sunflower seeds, stem and leaves were significantly (P < 0.01) affected by N and S application. Sulphur transport and accumulation in sunflower seeds was increased with S application. There were significant (P < 0.01) correlations between seed yield and N and S content of sunflower plants. Critical S concentration (%) in 60 days old plants was 0.36 for 95 % relative yield of the maximum. Application of 90 mg S kg ‐1 with 200 mg N kg ‐1 resulted in the highest seed yield and maximum total S and N contents in sunflower leaves, stem and seeds. Relative increase in sunflower seeds yield at higher levels of N and S was more than that of dry weight of stem and leaves.
Helianthus annuus
Dry weight
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The present work was undertaken to evaluate volunteer corn control through the application of graminicides singly or combined with boron (B) sources as well as to assess the sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) response to the application of this micronutrient.Experiments were arranged in a split-plot design with randomized complete blocks and five replications.The treatments applied were haloxyfop-methyl 0.048 kg a.i.ha -1 plus 0.5% (v/v) mineral oil, sethoxydim 0.22 kg a.i.ha -1 plus 0.5% (v/v) mineral oil, clethodim 0.12 kg a.i.ha -1 plus 0.5% (v/v) mineral oil, fluazifop-p-butyl 0.187 kg a.i.ha -1 and the hand-hoed control.The sub-plots consisted of the absence or presence of 400 g ha -1 of B from two sources (H 3 BO 3 -boric acid and Na 2 B 8 O 13 .4H 2 O-sodium borate), applied with the herbicides.All herbicides applied singly or combined with the two B sources were selective for the sunflower crop and efficient in controlling volunteer corn.The application of B in association with herbicides increased the content of this micronutrient in sunflower leaves.
Helianthus annuus
Boric acid
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Helianthus annuus
Achene
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