IR spectra of catalysts and adsorbed molecules
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The adsorption capacity of modified activated carbon(MAC) with KMnO4 to Zn2+ and Cd2+ was studied.The effect of pH,adsorption time and adsorbent dosage on adsorption rate of Zn2+ and Cd2+ was investigated,respectively.The adsorption isotherms were also studied.The results show that there is a high adsorption rate of Zn2+ and Cd2+on the MAC.The adsorption capacity of the MAC to Zn2+ is higher than Cd2+ with the increase of pH.The adsorption speed of Cd2+ on the MAC is more quickly than Zn2+.Their equilibrium time is 60 min and 120 min,respectively.The adsorption behaviors are in accordance with Langmuir model at 25℃ and pH 7.0.On the same condition,the saturated adsorption amounts of Zn2+ and Cd2+ are 10.80 mg/g and 4.564 mg/g,and the adsorption amounts are 1.2 and 1.4 times compared with that of the unmodified activated carbon,respectively.Moreover,the adsorption amounts of Zn2+ and Cd2+ on the MAC are significantly improved with the increase of temperature.
Langmuir adsorption model
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A study on molecular modelling of CO2 adsorption on SBA-15 has been conducted. A model of SBA-15 with 5.6 nm pore diameter and 3.9 OH/nm2 was constructed and used for the molecular studies of CO2 adsorption. Adsorption of CO2 molecules on SBA-15 occurred as a result of the formation of hydrogen bondings between CO2 molecules and hydroxyl groups on the silica surface. In the presence of water molecules, the interaction between CO2 molecules and the silica surface slightly decreased.
Hydrogen molecule
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Removal of low concentration COS from N2 is studied by PEI modified SBA-15 as the adsorbent.Effect of the loading amounts,adsorption temperature and impurity gas on COS adsorption of these adsorbents is studied.The adsorbents are characterized by XRD,chemisorb analyzer and FT-IR.After PEI loading the structure of SBA-15 remained unchanged and a significant decrease in surface area is observed.FT-IR spectra show that chemical adsorption occurred.The results show that 50% PEI/SBA-15 has the most perfect adsorption performance at 28℃.The breakthrough sulfur capacity is 5.383 mg/g,and saturated sulfur capacity is 11.698 mg/g.The breakthrough sulfur capacity and saturated sulfur capacity could respectively increase to 11.724 mg/g and 32.38 mg/g when the adsorption temperature is 60℃.In addition,H2S is found by GC when the adsorption temperature is 50℃,60℃,70℃.This show that chemical adsorption occurred.The 4.9 mL/L CO2 in N2 tremendously decreases the COS adsorption capacity.The adsorbent can be regenerated by N2 at 100℃.
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Endothermic process
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Using diatomite as an adsorbent,the effects of several factors,including adsorbent concentration,initial iron concentration,adsorbate-solution temperature,initial adsorbate-solution pH value and adsorption time on diatomite adsorption to the Mn2+ in the simulated waste-water were examined in the experiment by static adsorption tentative.The results indicate that the maximum diatomite adsorption capacity to Mn2+ was 4.0486 mg·g-1,so the diatomite adsorbent can be used for the removal of the Mn2+ iron.Further,under the conditions of temperature lower than 50℃ and the pH value less than 6,the performance of diatomite adsorption to Mn2+ could be improved with the increases of adsorbent dosage,initial Mn2+ concentration and adsorption time.The findings also demonstrate that,compared to the Langmuir adsorption isotherms,Freundlich adsorption isotherm can better describe the adsorption process of diatomite to Mn2+,and that adsorption kinetic of diatomite to Mn2+ accorded with second-order equation.
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In this paper, corn stalk adsorbents are prepared by pretreated corn stalks and carboxymethylation reaction. Then the adsorbents are used to remove Pb2+ in the aqueous solution, and the effect of the pH value of the solution, adsorption time, adsorbent dosage, the initial concentration of Pb2+ on the adsorption performance, and the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm are discussed. The results show that when the pH is 4.50, the adsorption time is 150 min, the amount of adsorbent is 0.45 g, the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent is as high as 928 mg/g, and the Pb2+ removal rate reaches 99.78 %. The adsorption kinetics showed that the adsorption of Pb2+ by the adsorbent reached adsorption equilibrium within 150 minutes, the adsorption process conformed to the quasi-second-order kinetic model, and the adsorption mechanism was chemical adsorption. The adsorption isotherm shows that the adsorption process of Pb2+ by the adsorbent conforms to the single-layer adsorption of the Langmuir model.
Langmuir adsorption model
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The adsorption properties of six kinds of dyes compounds on the sediments in Qinghe were studied through batch technique. The influences of pH, ion strength and temperature on adsorption as well as the adsorption isotherms were discussed and determined. It was shown that pH value and ion strength were the main effect factors on the adsorption, and the adsorption percentage increased with the temperature increase. The adsorption of these dye compounds on the sediment exhibited Freundlich adsorption behavior. The dynamic adsorption indicated that the adsorption process was divided into two steps: fast adsorption (less than 1 hours) and slow adsorption (more than 12 hours).
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To explore how the ion-pair in a single salt molecule evolves with the addition of water, infrared (IR) spectra of complexes composed of NaCl and multiple water molecules have been recorded for the first time. The NaCl(H2O)n complexes were formed and probed in liquid helium nanodroplets, and IR spectra were recorded for n = 1 → 4. The spectra for n = 1, 2, and 3 are consistent with formation of the lowest energy contact-ion pair structures in which each water molecule forms a single ionic hydrogen bond to an intact Na+Cl− ion-pair. Alternative structures with hydrogen bonding between water molecules become energetically competitive for n = 4, and the IR spectrum indicates likely the coexistence of at least two isomers.
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