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    Background: There is a growing need for biomarkers that can help in early diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and in recognizing patients with MS activity.Moreover, many studies are recently focusing on biomarkers that may help in diagnosis of the transition from relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS).Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are now considered promising biomarkers.Objectives: Studying the role of plasma miRNA-145 and miRNA-484 in the diagnosis of MS, disease activity and in diagnosing the transition from RRMS to SPMS.Patients and Methods: Forty-six subjects of both sexes were included, 31 patients with MS )21 with RRMS, 8 with SPMS and Two patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS)) and 15 healthy controls.Expression analysis of plasma miRNAs; miR-145 and miR-484 were assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after miRNA extraction.Results: MicroRNAs 145 and 484 could significantly discriminate between MS cases and controls, with best cut-off values > 0.6 and > 1.7 respectively.They could also significantly discriminate between active and inactive MS cases, with best cut-off values > 0.8 and > 2 respectively.Plasma miRNA-145 could discriminate between RRMS and SPMS cases, with best cut-off value ≤1.4.Conclusion: Plasma miRNAs 145 and 484 might be used as promising biomarkers for early diagnosis of MS and in diagnosis of disease activity.Plasma miRNA-145 could be also helpful in diagnosis of the transition from RRMS to SPMS.
    Relapsing remitting
    Community studies of problems with breathing during sleep suggest that sleep-disordered breathing is a better general term than sleep apnoea. Male sex, increasing age and increasing neck size are the main factors differentiating people with from those without sleep-disordered breathing. The contribution of sleep-disordered breathing to morbidity has not been established. Future research should address the possible cardiovascular associations of sleep-disordered breathing, its impact on sleepiness in the community, and the cost-effectiveness of treatment.
    Sleep-Disordered Breathing
    Sleep
    Sleep and breathing
    Sleep is imperative for good health and problems related to sleep are common presentations to primary care. Disorders affecting breathing and sleep are varied in their causes and affect multiple body systems. The majority of patients with sleep-disordered breathing remain undiagnosed. This article will consider the pathophysiology of sleep-disordered breathing, how GPs can identify patients with sleep-disordered breathing and how these are managed in primary care.
    Sleep-Disordered Breathing
    Sleep
    Sleep and breathing
    Affect
    Citations (0)
    Sleep-disordered breathing (obstructive and central sleep apnea) is common in persons who have had a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). This article describes both sleep-disordered breathing and CVAs and reviews the related risk factors that link them together. In addition, the article discusses sleep-disordered breathing after CVA. The article concludes by presenting the clinical implications of this topic for nurses.
    Sleep-Disordered Breathing
    Sleep
    Central sleep apnea
    Stroke
    The term "sleep disordered breathing" encompasses several conditions. This article gives definitions for and discusses the types of sleep disordered breathing. It also looks at the use of prosthetic devices and surgery to treat those problems and provides a suggested treatment algorithm.
    Sleep-Disordered Breathing
    Sleep
    Sleep and breathing
    Citations (4)