The crossover of job crafting between coworkers and its relationship with adaptivity
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This daily diary study among 55 dyads of co-workers working within the same unit examined the crossover of expansive job crafting which, framed within the Job-Demands Resources Model, consists of two distinct behaviours: seeking challenges and seeking resources. We hypothesized that seeking resources and seeking challenges are transferred from one employee (actor) to the other (partner) on a daily basis and that there is more crossover of job crafting from actor to partner when the partner is high in empathy. Moreover, job crafting was expected to relate positively to daily adaptation to changes as measured both by self-reports and peer-reports. Multilevel analyses confirmed the crossover of seeking challenges and partly confirmed the crossover of seeking resources. Empathy of the partner acts as a moderator in this latter crossover process: there is more crossover of seeking resources from actor to partner when the partner is high in empathy. Moreover, day-level seeking resources and seeking challenges were both positively related to self-rated day-level adaptivity. Day-level seeking resources was also positively related to other-rated day-level adaptivity. These results imply that stimulating job crafting within organizations is valuable because it spreads around and can help in the adaptivity to changes.Keywords:
Moderation
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This paper introduces the optimization methods of Genetic Algorithm.Based on the Different Location Crossover and the Same Location Crossover,a new leading crossover is proposed.Then it is a self-adaptive manner judgment to choose which crossover is used before the crossover operator.At last,five different tests of the simulation function are given.The results show that the leading crossover is more efficient to improve convergence than other crossovers.And the new method is easy to find the optimal solution.
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Empathy has been difficult to sustain and foster in medical training. Based on empirical evidence and intuitive human experience, this paper proposes that empathy can be re-conceptualized as a dynamic reservoir, referred to as an “empathy tank.” Physicians and learners who have personally experienced or received much empathy will naturally have a stronger tendency and greater capacity for empathy than others who have experienced little. These instances of empathy that fill the “empathy tank” can take the form of personal experiences, re-experiencing memories, and vicarious experiences. As this reservoir is filled, the empathy therein can more readily be poured out to others. Thus, all trainees should be educated to recognize first and foremost their personal need for empathy that they share with patients and subsequently seek encounters that highlight these empathic experiences. Three practical implications for educational interventions are discussed: (1) Learners and preceptors should recognize instances in training of perceived inadequacy as opportunities to provide empathy, (2) Interventions should target foundational rather than secondary issues in empathy, and (3) Interventions should enable empathy in learners to be self-sustaining.
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Product teams, including our own, often interpret empathy as evidence. However, in practice, empathy is actually something that drives us to seek evidence. By observing and evaluating various examples within Shopify, we have identified 4 traps that are common in the way empathy is manifested. We modelled the relationship between empathy, problems, evidence, and decisions to provide strategies for how to use empathy effectively while being sympathetic to its limitations. Since empathy drives us to seek evidence, and thus cannot be considered evidence itself, empathy must be used at an appropriate level of abstraction throughout the product decision‐making process in order to influence good decisions.
Commodification
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This paper investigates the use of more than one crossover operator to enhance the performance of genetic algorithms. Novel crossover operators are proposed such as the Collision crossover, which is based on the physical rules of elastic collision, in addition to proposing two selection strategies for the crossover operators, one of which is based on selecting the best crossover operator and the other randomly selects any operator. Several experiments on some Travelling Salesman Problems (TSP) have been conducted to evaluate the proposed methods, which are compared to the well-known Modified crossover operator and partially mapped Crossover (PMX) crossover. The results show the importance of some of the proposed methods, such as the collision crossover, in addition to the significant enhancement of the genetic algorithms performance, particularly when using more than one crossover operator.
Operator (biology)
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Empathy has not been measured in clients’ terms or effectively taught: a review of the literature Empathy, the ability to communicate an understanding of a client’s world, is said to be a crucial component of all helping relationships. The first part of this paper focuses on the failure of measures of empathy to reflect clients’ views about the ability to offer empathy. It is argued that, if clients are able to perceive the amount of empathy in helping relationships, they are able to advise professionals about how to offer empathy. The second part of this paper examines the inconclusive research evidence that existing courses have enabled professionals to offer empathy, and the disagreement about how empathy is best taught. The literature reviewed in this paper substantiates these observations.
Component (thermodynamics)
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سابقه و هدف : امروزه ارتباط و درک متقابل میان بیمار و فرد ارائه دهنده مراقبتهای سلامت در مشاغل حوزه سلامت و به خصوص در دندانپزشکی از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است.یکی از اجزای این ارتباط موثر و درک متقابل توانایی نشان دادن empathy است.empathy نقش مهمی در رابطه پزشک با بیمار و رضایت وی دارد و نتایج مثبت حاصل از روند درمان را افزایش میدهد.مطالعات نشان میدهد دانشجویانی که میزان empathy در آنها بالاتر است، در کارهای کلینیکی بهتر عمل میکنند. نتایج حاصل از بررسی empathy میان دانشجویان، مسئولین را قادر میسازد که با انجام تغییرات در برنامه های درسی، میزان آن را در دوران تحصیل افزایش دهند. از اینرو هدف این مطالعه، مرور مقالاتی است که میزان empathy را درمیان دانشجویان رشته های علوم پزشکی بررسی کردهاند.. مواد و روشها: در مطالعه مروری حاضر جستجو در PubMed و با استفاده از کلید واژههای “empathy” ،“ health professions” “dentistry students” و “medical students” در مقالههای انگلیسی از سال 2014-2004 انجام گرفت. یافته ها: در نهایت متن کامل 10 مقاله براساس معیارهای ورود انجام بر روی دانشجویان علوم پزشکی و بررسی کمی میزان empathy، انتخاب گردید. در بیشتر این مطالعات از پرسشنامه های Jefferson Scale Of Physician Empathy (JSPE) برای ارزیابی empathy استفاده شده بود. در اکثر مطالعات انجام شده میزان empathy در خانمها بیشتر از آقایان بود. همچنین مشاهده شد که در اکثر دانشگاهها میزان empathy در دوران تحصیل کاهش مییابد که این مورد تا حدی به برنامه آموزشی در دانشگاه بستگی دارد. نتیجه گیری : به نظر میرسد بررسی هر برنامه آموزشی مرتبط با دانشجویان حوزه سلامت نیاز به ارزیابی میزان empathy داشته باشد تا تدابیر لازم جهت حفظ یا بهبود آن از طریق تغییر و تصحیح برنامه آموزشی امکان پذیر گردد.
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This article proposes a new holistic conceptualization of empathy for nursing practice that allows different aspects of the literature to be understood. This study is based on the data of a doctoral study exploring the nature of empathy on an oncology ward. The findings revealed that empathy is not a single phenomenon. Four different forms of empathy were identified, namely, empathy as an incident, empathy as a way of knowing, empathy as a process, and empathy as a way of being. These different forms of empathy can be understood in terms of a continuum of empathy development and suggest a new way of conceptualizing empathy that can be depicted diagrammatically.
Phenomenon
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