Atlas of the cellular and molecular development of human hematopiesis: Development of monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells
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This protocol describes the steps conventionally used to differentiate dendritic cells from human monocytes isolated from fresh whole blood or leukopaks. While these DC mimic many of the functions of the dendritic cell lineage, they are not considered classical DC which are a different lineage and very rare. By day 4 CD1c+ cells are emerging with a reduction in CD14 positivity
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Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages differently contribute to the generation of coordinated immune system responses against infectious agents. They interact with microbes through germline-encoded pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), which recognize molecular patterns expressed by various microorganisms. Upon antigen binding, PRRs instruct DCs for the appropriate priming of natural killer cells, followed by specific T-cell responses. Once completed the effector phase, DCs reach the terminal differentiation stage and eventually die by apoptosis. By contrast, following antigen recognition, macrophages initiate first the inflammatory process and then switch to an anti-inflammatory phenotype for the restoration of tissue homeostasis. In this review we will focus on the comparison of the divergent responses of DCs and macrophages to microbial stimuli and in particular to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Keywords: Dendritic cells, macrophages, lipopolysaccharade, inflammation, apoptosis
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Dendritic cells have been considered an immune cell type that is specialized for the presentation of Ag to naive T cells. Considerable effort has been applied to separate their lineage, pathways of differentiation, and effectiveness in Ag presentation from those of macrophages. This review summarizes evidence that dendritic cells are a part of the mononuclear phagocyte system and are derived from a common precursor, responsive to the same growth factors (including CSF-1), express the same surface markers (including CD11c), and have no unique adaptation for Ag presentation that is not shared by other macrophages.
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