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Septum secundum
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(1858). A Monograph of the Fossil Malacostracous Crustacea of Great Britain. Part I. Crustacea of the London Clay. Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society: Vol. 10, No. 40, pp. i-44.
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Fifty-eight species of fossil crabs are recorded and figured from Facies 4, a coral-bearing limestone, of the Szepvolgy Formation (Late Eocene, Priabonian) of Hungary. The following 18 genera, 1 subgenus and 35 species are new: Dardanus curtimanus, Pagurus latidactylus, Diogenes longimanus, Paguristes oligotuberculatus, Galathea (Acanthogalathea subgen. nov.) parva, Protomunida pentacantha, Longoporcellana denticulata gen. nov., Polyonyx arcuatus, Petrolisthes ? striatissimus, Ovocarcinus elongatus gen. nov., Dromilites fossata, Dromilites subglobosa, Kromtitis pentagonalis, Cymonomus primitivus, Ovamene franciae gen. nov., Ethusa evae, Gemmacarcinus fossatus gen. nov., Nanomaja simplex gen. nov., Mesolambrus declinatus gen. nov., Actaeites lobatus gen. nov., Paraxanthosia budensis gen. nov., Pilumnomimus planidentatus, Priabonocarcinus gallicus gen. nov., Prochlorodius ellipticus gen. nov., Sculptoplax rigida gen. nov., Eomaldivia pannonica gen. nov., Eomaldivia trispinosa, Budapanopeus denticulatus gen. nov., Panopeus granulineatus, Branchioplax sulcata, Caprocancer altus gen. nov., Corallicarcinus planus gen. nov., Daragrapsus trispinosus gen. nov., Eoplax minima gen. nov., and Palaeograpsus bittneri. Another new genus, Lobogalenopsis gen. nov., is introduced to accommodate a previously described species and eight species in as many genera are described, but not named.
Subgenus
Anomura
Hermit crab
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A new collection of fossil decapod crustaceans from the Cretaceous Rosario Formation, the Eocene Tepetate Formation and the Oligocene El Cien Formation, Baja California Sur, Mexico, has yielded two new genera and several new species, Amydrocarcinus dantei n. gen. and sp., Levicyclus tepetate n. gen. and sp., Eriosachila bajaensis n. sp., Oregonia spinifera n. sp., Archaeopus mexicanus n. sp., and Necronectes nodosa n. sp. Additionally, new occurrences of the previously described Lophoranina bishopi, Xandaros sternbergi, Icriocarcinus xestos, and Lobonotus mexicanus as well as Dardanus cf. D. mexicanus are reported. As part of ongoing work on global evolutionary and paleobiogeographic patterns within the Decapoda, the work has prompted a review and synthesis of decapod occurrences in the tropical and subtropical Americas including the southern United States, the Caribbean, Mexico, Central America, and northern South America. As a result of the systematic review, several new combinations are reported herein which include Eriosachila bartholomaeensis (Rathbun, 1919), Lobonotus sandersi (Blow and Manning, 1996; 1998), and Matutites americanus (Rathbun, 1935). Icriocarcinus is transferred to the Goneplacidae, extending the range of that family into the Cretaceous. Most Cretaceous through Miocene tropical and subtropical American taxa appear to have originated within the area and a large number were endemic. Most of the immigrants to the central Americas appear to have evolved along North Atlantic shelves and subsequently dispersed to the Americas, probably via continental shelf routes. In addition, as demonstrated by several previous studies, decapod crustaceans appear to have evolved in numerous middle- and high- latitude areas with subsequent dispersal to lower latitudes, contrary to the long held notion that the tropics are areas of origin with subsequent dispersal to other regions. Low-latitude decapod taxa tend to remain in low-latitude areas. The Maastrichtian and the Eocene appear to have been times of elevated extinctions within the Decapoda; however, the extinction patterns for those two time intervals are very complex.
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Analysis of dorsal carapace characters of fossil and extant genera of the Calappidae sensu lato supports Bellwood's (1996) assignment of the group into four families based upon phylogenetic analysis, which was also supported by previous larval and morphologic studies. The Calappidae sensu stricto, Matutidae, and Hepatidae, recognized by Bell wood (1996), embrace both fossil and extant genera. The Orithyiidae is known from a single extant genus. Additionally, the Necrocarcininae Förster, known only from extinct genera, is elevated to family status. New taxa include Mursia aspina and Eriosachila rossi. Zanthopsis rathbunae Kooser and Orr, 1973, is here referred to Eriosachila orri, n. comb, and nomen novum. Emended descriptions are given for Mursia yaquinensis Rathbun, 1926, and Necrocarcinus hannae Rathbun, 1926. Biogeographic analysis indicates that each family has a distinct origination and dispersal history independent of the other families. Ecologic information for each group suggests that climatic preferences for the extant families have either remained relatively stable since the appearance of each family in the Tertiary or were broader in the past.
Sensu
Sensu stricto
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Coastal plain
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Two families, one new, and seven subfamilies, six new, are rec ognized for taxa previously assigned to the Callianassidae. The new family, Ctenochelidae, includes those taxa having a cardiac prominence on the carapace and an appendix masculina on male Plp2 and lacking a dorsal plate on the uropodal exopod. Three new ctenochelid subfamilies are recognized: Cteno- chelinae, for the genera Ctenocheles, Gourretia, Paracalliax, and the new genus Dawsonius, all of which lack a dorsal oval on the carapace and have a slender propodus and dactylus on Mxp3, Pip2-5 similar in size and shape, and finger like appendices internae on Plp3-5; Anacalliinae, containing only Anacalliax, which has a dorsal oval, a slender propodus and dactylus on Mxp3, and Pip 1-2 different from Plp3-5, with Plp3-5 having stubby appendices internae; and Callianopsinae, containing only Callianopsis, which has a dorsal oval, an ovate propodus and dactylus on Mxp3, and Plp2-5 similar, with finger-like appen dices internae. The family Callianassidae is restricted to those genera lacking both a cardiac prominence on the carapace and an appendix masculina on male Plp2, and which have a dorsal plate on the uropodal exopod. The nominate subfamily includes six genera with a dorsal oval on the carapace, a slender propodus and dactylus on Mxp3, and stubby appendices internae on Plp3-5: Callianassa, Trypaea, and Calliapagurops, a genus of uncertain position, and three new genera recognized here for American species: Biffarius, Neotrypaea, and Notiax. Three new callianassid subfamilies are recognized: Callichirinae, comprising five genera, Callichirus, Corallianassa, Glypturus, Lepidophthal- mus, and Neocallichirus, which have a dorsal oval on the carapace, an ovate propodus and slender dactylus on Mxp3, and stubby appendices internae on Plp3-5; Eucalliinae, for Calliax and the new genus Eucalliax, which lack a dorsal oval on the carapace and have an ovate propodus and dactylus on Mxp3 and finger-like appendices internae on Plp3-5; and Cheraminae, for Cheramus and Scallasis, which have a dorsal oval, a slender propodus and dactylus on Mxp3, and slender Plp3-5, each with a finger-like appendix interna. This study began as an attempt to con- heterogeneous assemblage of taxa that did struct a framework for future studies on not reflect major differences in morphology American callianassids by examining po- and biology in its members (see also dis- tential generic characters and defining new cussions in Borradaile 1903, De Man 1928b, genera for a disparate variety of species now Gumey 1944, Biflfar 1971a, De Saint Lau- placed in C(2///a«(355<2 Leach, 1814. Despite rent 1973, De Saint Laurent & LeLoeuff the superficial similarity of appearance of 1979, and De Saint Laurent 1979; for over- callianassids in general, our studies of cal- view see Ferrari 1981). Our analysis of char- lianassids in the laboratory and in the field acters of American species led us to con- convinced us that this genus comprises a elude that the genus Callianassa jf/&s a
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