Discussion of "The Hydraulic Plant of the Puget Sound Power Company"
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Low head hydroelectric power sources continue to be an important aspect of the overall energy picture in the United States. This article addresses the challenges in developing such sites and presents a section on equipment and construction progress.
Hydroelectricity
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Large run-of-river hydroelectric (or “hydro”) developments on rivers with extremely wide variations in flow can only be justified on a sound economic basis provided such plants can be operated in conjunction with a large steam generating system so as to attain the greatest possible economic use of the hydroelectric power. By reducing the steam generating costs to a minimum, over-all economies can be effected to ∼aximum advantage for the entire system. Allocation of hydroelectric energy to the best advantage requires determinative river flow forecasting, proper use of pondage, maintenance of head, and station efficiency so that maximum capacity and maximum energy can be obtained from the available water to replace the most expensive steam generation. This paper presents in detail the methods by which the various factors are analyzed to determine the most effective operation sequences for a large hydroelectric installation.
Hydroelectricity
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Hydroelectricity
Closure (psychology)
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A feasibility study was made of the hydroelectric power potential at Broadwater Dam in western Montana. Two alternative configurations for the potential project were evaluated and the economics of four possible sources of project funding were assessed. The configurations analyzed were an apron-mounted configuration, in which the turbine-generator units are located on the downstream apron of the existing dam, and a conventional configuration, in which the units are located in a new powerhouse adjacent to the existing dam. The funding sources considered were the Department of Energy loan program, the United States Bureau of Reclamation PL-984 loan program and conventional revenue bonds, both taxable and tax-exempt. The optimal project alternative was determined to be the apron-mounted configuration. The final choice of funding would be dependent on the power purchaser. It was shown that, regardless of the configuraton or funding source selected, the project would be feasible. The cost of the apron-mounted configuration, which would consist of four turbine-generator units for a total installed capacity of 9.76 MW, was estimated as $13,250,000 with financing provided by either a PL-984 loan or tax-exempt bonds. The cost per installed kilowatt was therefore $1,350, and the cost per kilowatt-hour was 19.6 mills. The average annual energy was estimated to be 56.44 million kWh, the equivalent of approximately 87,000 barrels of oil per y. It is therefore recommended that the Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation proceed with the project and that discussions be initiated with potential power purchasers as soon as possible.
Hydroelectricity
Spillway
Taxable income
Hydro power
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White (mutation)
Hydroelectricity
Hydro power
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Panama canal
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A Washington state rancher has gone from raising cattle to producing kilowatts. He has completed a 1.6 MW hydro facility on Big Sheep Creek in northeastern Washington. The site was earlier rejected by utilities as a nonprofitable operation. The facility achieves 83% efficiency with a 1.3 MW turbine and 77% with the 300 kW unit also in operation. The project will make a profit for the first time in 1993 after going on line in 1986. Design and financing of the plant are described.
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The paper deals with the proposed rehabilitation of the Warrior Ridge Powerhouse and Dam, and the installation of new low head generators into this existing facility, which has long remained dormant.
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Hydroelectricity
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Underground pumped hydro (UPH) and compressed air energy storage (CAES) is described as being attractive and feasible on a near-term basis. This paper summarizes how a site is selected and describes the conceptual project design resulting from the recent studies.
Commonwealth
Compressed air
Conceptual design
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