A TEN-YEAR POPULATION STUDY OF THE RABBIT TICK HAEMAPHYSALIS LEPORIS–PALUSTRIS1
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Journal Article A TEN-YEAR POPULATION STUDY OF THE RABBIT TICK HAEMAPHYSALIS LEPORIS–PALUSTRIS Get access R. G. GREEN, R. G. GREEN 2Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, Minn. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. A. EVANS, C. A. EVANS 3Division of Game and Fish, Minnesota Department of Conservation, St. Paul, Minn.Department of Bacteriology and Immunology University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, Minn. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. L. LARSON C. L. LARSON 4Fish and Wildlife Service, U. S. Department of the Interior. More recently with the U. S. Public Health ServiceWashington, D. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 38, Issue 3, November 1943, Pages 260–281, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a118888 Published: 01 November 1943 Article history Received: 08 May 1943 Published: 01 November 1943There is considerable debate about the ethics of captive wildlife-based setting such as zoos and aquaria, and there is concern about the negative impacts wildlife watchers can have on animals in both captive and noncaptive settings. An important claim made by both captive wildlife-based tourist attractions and those who support wildlife viewing in noncaptive settings is that these wildlife experiences provide opportunities to encourage visitors to develop greater wildlife conservation awareness. This claim is, however, largely untested in any setting and there has been very little research comparing visitors and their experiences across different types of wildlife-based tourism. This study compared wildlife-based tourism attractions in three different groups—captive, controlled, and noncaptive—in terms of visitor profiles, encounters with wildlife, images of wildlife, and learning about the wildlife. The results indicated significant and substantial differences between the three types of setting on many of the variables analyzed. Overall the results provide little support for the claims that any wildlife-based tourism experiences enhance wildlife conservation awareness.
Wildlife tourism
Visitor pattern
Human–wildlife conflict
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'Coexisting with wildlife' and 'living with wildlife' are commonly used in communication efforts designed to mitigate human-wildlife conflicts. However, there is little information on how the public understands these terms and how their understanding compares to wildlife managers' intended message. In 2019 we surveyed 1,045 Florida residents and 140 Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) officials to examine their understanding of, and preferences for, the terms 'coexisting with wildlife' and 'living with wildlife.' We analyzed data using qualitative and quantitative methods. FWC officials were more likely to interpret both terms as people changing their behavior to mitigate human-wildlife conflicts or tolerating conflicts with wildlife, whereas the public tended to focus on reduced nuisance behavior by wildlife. Wildlife managers should clearly define terms to avoid confusion or miscommunication, which may result in the public not altering their behavior or mistakenly taking actions that exacerbate human-wildlife conflicts such as domesticating wildlife.
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ABSTRACT In Asia, the concept of wildlife response is a novel idea. Unlike in Europe where there is various wildlife groups actively carrying out the conservation of wildlife, in Asia, wildlife conservation is not viewed with a high priority. Only a handful of wildlife organizations exist. Many of these have not had the opportunity to respond to an oiled wildlife incident. Due to the limited availability of regional resources in Asia to respond to wildlife impacted by oil, international assistance might be required. Since the closest available resources are located in the Oceania region, a significant delay is expected before a substantial wildlife response could be mobilized. Oil Spill Response Limited (OSRL) collaborates with Sea Alarm Foundation, a wildlife non-governmental organization, to address issues related to oiled wildlife response. OSRL has stockpiles of wildlife response equipment in Southampton, Bahrain, Fort Lauderdale and Singapore, which can be mobilised in the event of an incident. Each stockpile consists of a combination of specialised scientific and basic equipment. However as transportation requires time, it could require several days for some equipment to arrive in remote locations. In addition since Asia has a limited number of personnel who are trained to use this equipment, personnel will also have to be moved. One major concern is to manage the time of arrival of equipment and trained wildlife responders in-country, ensuring that they arrive at site together thus facilitating an effective and efficient response. This paper will highlight the lessons learnt from various responses, which comprises the element of wildlife response, that OSRL was actively involved in and how these lessons have been used to enhance oiled wildlife response capability in OSRL to better serve Asia.
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Wildlife tourism stems from some kinds of wildlife-based activities in the European and American area,which have experienced a quite long history of more than one hundred years.Wildlife tourism in recent years develops very quickly and arouses widespread concerns among overseas academic circle and industries.This paper makes an analysis on the concept and classification of wildlife according to different standards.Furthermore,this paper constructs a study framework including five aspects as followed: the concept of wildlife tourism,tourism products and supplies,wildlife tourists,economic,social,environmental impacts of wildlife tourism,and the sustainable development of wildlife tourism destination.
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The US Highway 93 North reconstruction project on the Flathead Reservation in represents one of the most extensive wildlife-sensitive highway design efforts to date in North America. The reconstruction of the 56 mile long road section included the installation of wildlife crossing structures and wildlife exclusion fences. The mitigation measures were aimed at improving safety for the traveling public through reducing wildlife-vehicle collisions, while simultaneously allowing wildlife to continue to move across the road. These measures were an integral part of the reconstruction of this highway because the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes required the reconstructed highway to be respectful of the land, the people and their culture, and wildlife. This project provided an opportunity to evaluate the extent these mitigation measures helped improve human safety through a reduction in wildlife-vehicle collisions; and maintain habitat connectivity for wildlife. Wildlife-vehicle collision data were obtained from Montana Department of Transportation. Completed wildlife crossing structures were monitored for wildlife movements between 2010 and 2015 using wildlife cameras (Reconyx, PM35 and PC900 HyperFire). The reconstruction of US 93 North improved human safety in general along the entire transportation corridor between Evaro and Polson. The total number of reported crashes decreased by approximately 33%. However, the number of reported wildlife-vehicle collisions did not decrease over the entire length of the highway between Evaro and Polson. Total wildlife use of the 29 crossing structures that were monitored can be described as substantial with 95,274 successful crossings in total, and 22,648 successful crossings per year.
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There has been a long-running debate on the merits
of introducing exotic wildlife to wildlife production
units in South Africa. This review examines the
major issues, and concludes that exotic animals
should not be introduced to extensive wildlife production
units on natural habitats. It is also argued
that a clear separation in goals and principles must
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Design of wildlife passage is a feasible means to reduce the effect of wildlife's living environment caused by highway construction.Some research findings of wildlife passage at home and abroad were analyzed.On the basis of wildlife physiological habits investigation and analysis along highway,influencing facfors of using passage,wildlife passage type,assistance way and observation system,design means was generalized.Some suggestions on design wildlife passage are put forward in highway constrution of our country.
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Human-wildlife conflict is difficult to measure, but the analysis of records from wildlife rehabilitation facilities has shown potential as a technique for characterizing human impacts on wildlife. To examine the value of wildlife rehabilitation records for characterizing local human-wildlife conflicts and prevalence of select wildlife diseases, we reviewed 45,668 records representing over 280 species admitted to a wildlife rehabilitation facility over a 10-year period (2005–2014). We identified the most frequently recorded causes of admission for commonly admitted species, and evaluated how causes of admission may vary across taxa throughout the year. Our analyses support the value of wildlife rehabilitation facility data for characterizing some pressures from human-wildlife conflict and select disease trends for certain taxa, as well as utility for informing topics to emphasize in local conservation education efforts. For example, orphaned neonatal wildlife accounted for the largest proportion of admissions to this facility, and highlights a opportunity for conservation education regarding when wildlife is truly orphaned and requires professional intervention. Additionally, domestic dog attack cases accounted for a proportion of admissions comparable to that of domestic cat attacks, demonstrating a need for the conversation surrounding the impact of domestic pets on local wildlife to expand to include dogs in addition to cats.
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Owning to its advantageous natural conditions suitable for survival and propagation of wildlife,Yunnan province enjoys the fame of wildlife kingdom.As the conservation was promoted significantly,the number of wildlife increased very fast.The conflict between wildlife and human is becoming more and more obvious,and the accidents of wildlife damage occur frequently.Aiming at the reasons and characteristics of damage,some suggestions for integrated management were proposed.
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