The impact of an educational pamphlet on the awareness of parents about 4‒6-year-old children’s oral habits and dentofacial discrepancies
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Background.This study aimed to evaluate whether the parents' knowledge about the adverse effects of oral habits and dentoskeletal discrepancies would improve by an educational pamphlet. Methods.A parallel-group randomized clinical trial was conducted on parents in kindergartens of Shiraz, Iran, 2013.The parents completed a designed questionnaire to determine the pre-intervention score.The study group received an educational pamphlet on the oral habits and dentoskeletal discrepancies, in contrast to the control group.Three weeks later, the parents in both groups took the questionnaire again (post-intervention score).The primary outcome was a change in the parents' knowledge about oral habits and dentoskeletal discrepancies, which was measured by 13 questions of the questionnaire.Each correct answer was given a positive point and each incorrect answer a negative point.The total pre-and postintervention scores were calculated by summing up the points and compared using Mann-Whitney U test.Results.A total of 550 subjects were assessed for eligibility and 413 were randomized.Of the study group, 203 subjects (98.56%), and of the control group, 204 parents (98.54%) completed the questionnaire for the second time.The score of the study group in the "normal occlusion" section of the questionnaire had significantly improved (P < 0.001) and in the "oral habits" section the score of both groups had improved but in the study group the improvement was significantly higher (P < 0.001). Conclusion.The educational pamphlet can be effective in increasing the level of parents' knowledge about normal occlusion and complications of oral habits.Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of one visit root canal therapy(RCT) and several visit RCT for cracked teeth.Methods Cracked teeth with pulposis or apical disease were randomized to receive one visit RCTor several visit RCT,their responses were compared.Results The long-term therapeutic effects of one visit RCT were batter than those of several visit RCT,but the differences were not significant.The concomitant symptoms were significantly less and treatment time was significantly shorter in one visit RCT group as compared with several visit RCT group.Conclusion One visit RCT is recommended for the RCT of cracked teeth.
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Objective:To investigate the currency and development trend of clinical controlled trials of Chinese Medicine issued on journals in our country over 20 years.Methods:All of Chinese Medicine literatures concerning clinical controlled trial from Chinese Database of Science Journals during the period of 1989 to 2008 were retrieved and bibliometrical analysis on the quantity and constituent ratio of randomized controlled trial(RCT)literature and non-randomized controlled trial(non-RCT)literature of every year was performed.Results:The total number of articles of clinical controlled trial was 33399 including 19234 RCT articles(57.59%)and 14165 non-RCT articles(42.41%).The number and constituent ratio of RCT literature gradually increased while the constituent ratio of non-RCT smoothly decreased during the years.These was significant difference of constituent ratio of literature between RCT and non-RCT by runs test(P0.05).Conclusion:The number of clinical controlled trial literature gradually upgrades and the study emphasis conveys from non-RCT to RCT.
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Objective:In order to clarify the actual situations of the randomized control trial(RCT)or quasi-randomized trial(QRT)and prospective clinical experimental researches in the journals of opthalmology,the related materials from 7 major journals of opthalmology from the start publication up to the year of 1999 were hand searched.Method:We handsearching These journals hand searched. and according to the criteria of RCT and QCT were included according to Cochrane Center handsearch standards.Results:Seven Ophthalmologic Journals had 21317 papers,the RCT and QCT 280 papers were included,about 1.31%,A tolal of 7428 papers were in 179 issues of China Ophthalmologic Journal,62 papers could be included,about 0.84%.The RCT and QCT in the year of 60s are rare,after 1970,RCT and CCT increased year by year.Conclusion:As the Evidence-Based Medicine becoming gradually accepted of in clinical ophthalmology,the RCT and CCT would likely to be increased year by year in ophthalmologic journals.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical responses and effects after one visit RCT and several visits RCT. Meth-ods Cracked teeth with endodontitis or periapical disease were randomized into 2 groups according to they were treated by one visit RCT or several visits RCT,and their clinical responses and effects. Results The long-term effects of one visit RCT was better than that of several visits RCT. But There was no statistical differences between two groups. The clinical responses and treating time were reduced dramatically after one visit RCT was used. Conclusion One visit RCT is recom-mended for the cracked teeth RCT.
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The chapter discusses the randomized clinical trial (RCT) with noncompliance, in which only patients assigned to an experimental treatment group can have access to the experimental treatment, the simple noncompliance RCT. For certain treatments, such as flu vaccine or quitting smoking, it is not ethical to randomly assign high-risk patients to receive either the treatment or the placebo. Thus, to alleviate the ethical concern in application of the traditional RCT, the randomized encouragement design (RED) is often suggested. Based on whether noncompliance can occur in only one or both of the two randomized groups, the randomized consent designs can be classified as a single-consent randomized design (SCRD) and a double-consent randomized design (DCRD). Controlled Vocabulary Terms randomized controlled trial
Completely randomized design
Research Design
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为试用(一致) 陈述报导的巩固的标准已经证明了是为报导使随机化的控制试用(RCT ) 的质量的一个有效标准的目的。然而，大多数中国医药杂志没资助 CONSORT 陈述。关于在中国医药杂志的 RCT 的报导质量的当前的状况仍然是不清楚的。学习的目的是在在 5 本领先的中国医药杂志出版的报纸上评估 RCT 的报导质量。没有一致和在 2004 采用了一致的基于证据的药(杂志类型 2 ) 的中国杂志的采纳，我们用报导质量评估了 232 份原来的 RCT 报纸的方法在 5 本中国医药杂志(杂志类型 1 ) 从 2001 ～ 2006 基于一致陈述可伸缩。我们为报导优秀规模和每份 RCT 报告的 6 个核心项目测量了 26 个项目的包括，把 20 给了每个项目并且计算了在每份报告和包括单个项目的报告的比例获得的全部的分数。从 2001 ～ 2003 的 RCT 试用(采纳前时期) 的报导质量从 2004 ～ 2006 与那相比(采纳以后的时期) 。结果 RCT 的平均报导质量是中等的(吝啬的分数， 15.18 ) ，并且 6 个核心项目的吝啬的分数是低的(吝啬的分数， 1.09 ) 在 5 本领先的杂志。在全部的分数和在采纳前时期(20012003 ) 和采纳以后的时期(20042006 ) 之间的 6 个核心项目的分数的差别是统计上重要的(P=0.003；P=0.000 ) 。在杂志类型和时期之间的相互作用不是重要的(F=0.76；P=0.383 ) 。我们断定报导在杂志类型 1 和 2 之间的质量的变化趋势不是不同的。但是至于顺序隐匿和 intention-to-treat 分析的核心项目，当与杂志类型 1 作比较时，增加为杂志类型 2 是更大的(P=0.038；P=0.016 ) 。在 5 本领先的中国医药杂志的 RCT 试用的报导质量正在改进的结论。然而，在 RCT 试用的重要项目的缺乏仍然是一个严重问题。我们为在中国在基于证据的药上在中国医药杂志和持续教育试用陈述报导推荐巩固的标准的赞助。
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Zen Nihon Shinkyu Gakkai zasshi (Journal of the Japan Society of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) (2010)
【はじめに】経穴や局所反応点とは異なる、 強力反応点に適した鍼刺激の有効性を明らかにすることを目的として、 ランダム化比較試験 (RCT：Randomized Controlled Trial) を実施した。 【方 法】対象は2007年11月から2008年10月に、 明治国際医療大学附属鍼灸センター来院患者で筆者が担当した142名とした。 強力反応点への鍼刺激の臨床的有効性を検証するため、 1期を3ヶ月間として下記の4期に分けRCTを実施した。 RCT1は非特異点群と強力反応点群1、 RCT2は経穴群と強力反応点群2、 RCT3は局所反応点群1と強力反応点群3、 RCT4は局所反応点群2と強力反応点群4として検討した。 【結 果】非特異点、 経穴、 局所反応点よりも強力反応点への鍼刺激の方が高い臨床的有効性を示した。 また適刺激であれば刺激の量や質に関係することなく、 同等な臨床的有効性を示したことから、 刺激の場所が重要であることが示された。 【考 察】病態に応じて一人ひとり発現する場所が異なる、 強力反応点への適刺激であれば、 刺激の量と質に関係することなく、 再現性を有する臨床的有効性を示したことは、 テーラーメイドの医療や鍼灸医学の理論的基盤である 「随機制宜」 にも適い、 意義深いと考える。 【結 論】RCTの結果より、 非特異点、 経穴、 局所反応点への鍼刺激よりも、 強力反応点への鍼刺激の方が高い臨床的有効性を示した。 また、 強力反応点への適刺激であれば、 刺激の量・質・時間に関係することなく、 同等な臨床的有効性を示した。
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Background. Very elderly subjects (VES; aged 80 years or older) constitute a special population as they frequently present multiple diseases (polypathology). Results from trials on general adult populations therefore cannot be extrapolated to VES. We performed a census of randomized controlled trials (RCT) on VES published between 1990 and 2002, and carried out a descriptive and methodological analysis of these RCT/VES, comparing them with matched RCT on general adult populations (control RCT, RCT/C).
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Evidence-Based Medicine
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