Structural analysis of the deck of access bridges in offshore docks under dynamic loading of moving heavy vehicles (Case study: 10 feet concrete deck with prefabricated beam, under the passage of 125-ton bogie)
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Ports are the most important economic, political and military bottlenecks. This puts shoreline structures (port) in the class of important structures and they have a crucial role in the countries' life. Pile and deck wharf and their access bridges and offshore deck (jetties), are one of the parts which are supplier of coupling between the land and the waterfront. Correct and exact estimation of loads acting on individual structures leads to more accurate and more economical design. To design waterfront deck, it is necessary to estimate the amount of reaction generated in the deck by live loads due to the crossing of the machines over it. To more accurate assessment the effect of moving vehicle passing on the deck, the dynamic analysis is used to calculate the response generated in the deck. The modeling of the vehicle moving on an access bridge of pier piles and deck with the beam element- capturing method, and the D'Alembert and balance principle are used to write the governing differential equation. The deck is also modeled in the form of Euler-Bernoulli beam, with a uniform cross-section. Dynamic load modeling for dynamic analysis of the deck is done by MATLAB program. The main output of this research is to answer the question, that the moving vehicle passing with heavy cargo, with unconventional weight can cause what reactions in the deck? Depending on the type of deck structures and military vehicles, unique results can be obtained including a new deck design, deck strengthen for existing services and changes in specific cargo trailers for safe passing on the deck.Cite
Innovative design and construction in concrete are described that are embodied in one of the longest and highest bridges on the new high-speed rail network in the German federal railway authority. The unusual height (95 km) of the 1 km long bridge in the Hessian hills, coupled with its heavy vertical and horizontal loadings, and the possible effects of any differential settlement of the piers dictated the design approach. The design involved a continuous deck over the full length of the bridge and a fixed point at its center, achieved by inserting an 'A frame' of inclined piers springing from the bases of the two central vertical piers, 116 m apart, and meeting at the mid-point of the deck, where they 'interlock' through elastomer bearings with the ends of the two central deck beams. This reduced the sensitivity of the structure to differential settlement, and it was necessary to provide track movement joints only at each abutment. Other design details are briefly summarized
Settlement (finance)
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The Ijburg Bridge outside Amsterdam, Netherlands is a footbridge that will connect Amsterdam to the as yet unbuilt satellite town, which is planned on reclaimed land. The bridge is an unconventional self-anchored single-cable suspension bridge with a curved deck, designed by Architect Wilkinson Eyre. The bridge has a slender profile, which does not prevent barges on the canal using radar to spot shipping. The steel box deck is faceted like the surface of a Stealth Bomber to provide a less uniform reflective surface. To improve lateral stiffness, the pedestrian path peels off the cycle lane at the bridges quarter points. The ends of the X will be bolted down to piled, reinforced concrete columns. Resistance to torsional forces transmitted to the columns by lateral flexing of the deck under wind load is provided by yoking the piles together with a subterranean reinforced concrete box. The deck is supported from single hangers. The bridge will be equipped with three tuned mass dampers. The bridge was floated up the canal during a 12-hour possession.
Bridge (graph theory)
Precast concrete
Structural load
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The steel truss girder of Baling River Bridge is erected by deck cranes by the hinged step-by-step rigid connection method from the towers towards the midspan.At the stage of installation of the temporary hinges,the relative gradient of the girder blocks in front of and in rear of a hinge is rather great and there may exist the problems of difficulty,poor stability and even overturning risk when the cranes travel over the hinge.The whole process of the cranes traveling over the hinges and the parameter sensitivity of the opening amount at lower chords of the hinges are analyzed by the finite element software and the loading tests are made for the practical bridge,according to which the key control points and solution to the safe traveling of the cranes are proposed.The results of implementation of the proposal show that the control of the maximum gradient of the girder blocks within 5% and the variation of the opening amount at the lower chords within 150 mm at the time the cranes travel over the hinges can effectively ensure the smoothness of the girder blocks and the stability and safety of the cranes.
Bridge (graph theory)
Smoothness
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The paper deals with the dynamics of the lifting of deck segments for constructing a bridge over water, with segments being brought by barge and lifted by an erection traveler while the barge and the bridge are undergoing the motions induced by the sea state and the wind. To investigate the process, a model was generated that included the barge and the mooring system, the supporting plinths, the bridge segment, the lateral restraints, the lifting strands, the erection traveler, and the bridge deck with its associated stiffnesses. Nearly 400 simulations were conducted, covering combinations of wave, wind, and current forces, as well as other aspects like the deck length and the cracked or uncracked state of the section. The analyses allowed establishing whether the success criteria were being satisfied, the influence of the various parameters, and the potentially more hazardous phases of the lifting process.
BARGE
Bridge (graph theory)
Bridge deck
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The integrated deck on the urban viaduct, interchange and multi-span bridge can greatly improve travel smoothness, reduce shocking from vehicles and extend the service life of the bridge. This type of bridge is provided with only one fixed (rubber) bearing and all of the other are thin PTFE plate bearings, so it is in an incomplete hinged form. Design calculation and site measurement prove that the dowel in the deck conforms to the actual force applied, and provision of the expansion joint and bridge bearing is applicable actual service.
Bridge (graph theory)
Expansion joint
Smoothness
Dowel
Bridge deck
Service life
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Prestressed concrete ties offer an alternative to the timber ties which are used presently on North American open deck railway bridges. This paper presents the results of a field study of an open deck railway bridge equipped with precast prestressed concrete ties subjected to a special work train and regular railway traffic. The results of the study show that a train with smooth wheels does not overload the bridge deck. When wheel defects are present, the bridge deck loading is speed-dependent and consists of distinct static and dynamic components. Test results show that the tie design loads are underestimated. The impact on the bridge deck due to the defective wheels was also found not to amplify the response of the bridge longitudinal steel girders. Key words: bearing pads, impact load, railway bridge, load distribution, dynamic load factor, open deck, precast prestressed concrete, ties, wheels.
Precast concrete
Bridge (graph theory)
Prestressed concrete
Bridge deck
Load testing
Beam bridge
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The advantages of multi-span bridge decks are outlined, and five examples are given to compare several simply supported and continuous designs used in the UK. Multi-span bridge decks are designed to provide continuity across their support piers. The UK Department of Transport (DoT) is currently considering issuing an Advice Note to encourage bridge designers to use deck continuity, especially to minimise the use of trouble-prone deck joints. The main advantages of multi-span deck continuity are: (1) the elimination of deck and parapet joints at the piers; (2) the saving in deck depth; (3) the halving of the number of bearings required at each pier; (4) the replacement of two rows of bearings by a single row of central bearings; (5) the ability to apply the 'sucker deck' principle usefully; (6) the ability to use the transverse strength of the deck over piers; and (7) additional deck redundancy, which reduces the risk of sudden collapse. The optimal construction depth/span ratios vary with span, live loading, materials, and construction methods. For the covering abstract see IRRD 873218.
Bridge (graph theory)
Bridge deck
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Material quantities are usually not the most important items of such complex construction projects. A design with minimum materials does not necessarily represent the most efficient design. How a structure can be built is extremely important. The main purpose of this paper is to describe how the bridge configuration and cable arrangement were modified to facilitate simpler construction and how the constuction equipment was designed to make the operation more efficient. The Dame Point Bridge in Jacksonville, Florida is a cable-stayed bridge with a mainspan of 1300 feet. It is presently the longest span cable-stayed bridge in the United States. It has a harp cable arrangement. The girder is 105 feet wide consisting of two solid edge girders. The bridge deck is supported by transverse floor beams framed into these edge girders. The deck slab varies from 9 in. to 2 ft. The floor beams are spaced at 17 ft 6 in. on centers. The cables have Dywidag bar tendons grouted inside a steel pipe. This is the only cable-stayed bridge in North America that uses bar cables. Towers are solid sections with cables enclosed in a crisscross pattern. The tower legs and columns are interconnected to each other by three bow-tie shaped cross-struts. Contruction of the deck was by cast-in-place method which used specially designed form travelers. Construction progressed smoothly. Aerodynamic stability during construction was studied based on results from wind tunnel tests. Special tie-downs were designed and installed to safeguard against possible buffeting of the bridge under hurricane.
Bridge (graph theory)
Pylon
Beam bridge
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This paper describes the basic characteristics of the hybrid bridge deck system made up of two building materials include orthotropic steel deck system and the composite beam deck system, and the problem of excessive horizontal displacement on the bridge tow in cantilever construction as the different weight of the steel bridge deck panel and concrete one. Based on the self-balancing and self-anchoring principle of cable-stayed bridge, two optimizing methods of that adding weight or bridge deck paving after main beam enclosing, were proposed. Numerical simulation of the conventional construction procedure of Beijiang Bridge in Guizhou-Guangzhou Railway was carried out compared with the optimizing procedures proposed. The results show that the max horizontal displacement on the bridge tow is 12.5 cm in the construction period of normal procedure of cantilever construction, which is about 2 cm with the optimizing procedures proposed. Cantilever construction optimization eliminates the hidden dangers by excessive horizontal displacement of the bridge tow, and put forwards a reasonable construction program.
Bridge (graph theory)
Orthotropic material
Beam bridge
Bridge deck
Vertical displacement
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