Vacuum Technology and Processes for Metallurgical Applications
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The history of the Vacuum Metallurgy Division (VMD), which is now the Advanced Surface Engineering Division (ASED), of the American Vacuum Society is reviewed briefly. The focus of the VMD moved from vacuum melting of materials to metallurgical coatings. The division sponsored two conferences, the Conference on Vacuum Metallurgy and the International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings. As the interest in vacuum metallurgy eventually subsided, interest grew in the deposition of metallurgical coatings. However, the emphasis at the Metallurgical Coatings conference has changed from just depositing coatings to surface engineering of a component. Today, the challenge is to use the tools of surface engineering with advances in deposition technology such as high-power pulsed sputtering. To align itself with the changing interests of the majority of its members, the VMD changed its name to the ASED.
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The metallurgical route from metallurgical grade silicon to solar grade silicon is being paid close attention on account of the advantages for lower cost and energy consumption and environmental friendly compared with the Siemens process.The status on the purification and preparation of solar grade silicon by metallurgical route in the world are reviewed and summarized.The investigative status and achievement for our group in hydrometallurgy,vacuum oxidizing refining,vacuum evaporation,vacuum degassing and vacuum directional solidification of metallurgical grade silicon are elaborated in detail.Some technical difficulties and key problems are therefore analyzed.Finally,the research and development directions for metallurgical route in future are put forward.
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