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    Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to Improve Understanding of Disability and Functioning
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    Abstract:
    The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) provides a useful framework and classification to better situate disability, health, and functioning. The ICF recognizes disability and functioning as the dynamic individual and environment interaction, promoting a more realistic perspective.  This article describes the ICF, its utility, and its strengths/weaknesses.
    Keywords:
    Strengths and weaknesses
    International classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF) : the model and the classification
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    No AccessPerspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language DisordersArticle1 Apr 2004Using the ICF Framework to Define Outcomes Nina Simmons-Mackie Nina Simmons-Mackie Southeastern Louisiana UniversityHammond, LA Google Scholar More articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1044/nnsld14.1.9 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In References Frattali, G., Thompson, C., Holland, A., Wohl, G., & Ferketic, M. (1995). The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Functional Assessment of Communication Skills for Adults (ASHA FACS). Rockville, MD: ASHA. Google Scholar Golper, L. (1996). Language assessment.In G. Wallace (Ed.), Adult aphasia: Clinical management. New York: Butterworth’s. Google Scholar Hesketh, A., & Hopcutt, B. (1997). Outcome measures for aphasia therapy: It’s not what you do, it’s the way you measure it.European Journal of Disorders of Communication, 32 (3), 198–203. Google Scholar Holland, A., & Thompson, G. (1998). Outcomes measurement in aphasia.In G. Frattali (Ed.), Measuring outcomes in speech-language pathology (pp. 245–266). New York: Thieme. Google Scholar Institute of Medicine (2003). Priority areas for national action: Transforming health care quality. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. Google Scholar Kagan, A., Simmons-Mackie, N., & Threats, T. (2003, November). Beginning at the end: Outcomes measurement in aphasia. Presentation at the annual ASHA Convention, Chicago, IL. Google Scholar Kertesz, A. (1982). Western Aphasia Battery. New York: Grune & Stratton. Google Scholar National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics (NCVHS). (2001). Classifying and Reporting Functional Health Status. Washington DC: Department of Health and Human Services. Google Scholar Rosenbek, J., LaPointe, L., & Wertz, T. (1989). Aphasia: A clinical approach. Boston: College Hill Press. Google Scholar Simmons-Mackie, N., Threats, T., & Kagan, A. (in press). Outcome assessment in aphasia: A survey.Journal of Communication Disorders. Google Scholar World Health Organization (WHO). (2001). International Classificationfor Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Geneva, Switzerland: Author. Google Scholar Worrall, L., & Egan, J. (2001). A survey of outcome measures used by Australian speech pathologists.Asia Pacific Journal of Speech-Language-Hearing, 6 (3), 149–162. Google Scholar L. Worrall, & C. Frattali (Eds), Neurogenic communication disorders: A functional approach (pp. 137–161). New York: Thieme. Google Scholar Additional Resources FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByPerspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders22:1 (18-27)1 Apr 2012Self-Anchored Rating Scales: Creating Partnerships for Post-Aphasia ChangeLynn E. Fox, Mary A. Andrews and James AndrewsPerspectives on Communication Disorders and Sciences in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CLD) Populations14:1 (8-11)1 Mar 2007Multilingualism and Multiculturalism in Europe: The Role of CPLOL and Its Relevance to Education Regarding Cultural Diversity in the United StatesBirgitta Rosén-Gustafsson and Lynette R. GoldbergPerspectives on Gerontology10:1 (8-10)1 Aug 2005Clinical Ethics in the ICF: Influences of Competency and AdvocacyTravis T. Threats Volume 14Issue 1April 2004Pages: 9-11 Get Permissions Add to your Mendeley library History Published in issue: Apr 1, 2004 Metrics Downloaded 35 times Topicsasha-topicsasha-article-typesasha-sigsCopyright & Permissions© 2004 American Speech-Language-Hearing AssociationPDF DownloadLoading ...
    Speech-Language Pathology
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    視覚障がい者はその視覚機能の低下により,歩行パフォーマンスが低下する.しかし,視覚機能の低下がロービジョン者(弱視者)の日常生活活動に及ぼす影響やロービジョン者の取り巻く環境が,日常生活活動に及ぼす影響までは言及した研究はほとんどない.本研究はロービジョン者の視覚機能,歩行パフォーマンスや移動状況,日常生活活動と環境因子の関係について,その関係性について考察することを目的とする.その結果,視覚機能や歩行パフォーマンスではなく,公共交通の利用という活動が参加(日常生活活動)に影響を与えていることや公共交通の利用頻度には,公共交通機関までの距離が影響していることなどを定量的に示すことができた.
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    Aims: Fifteen years after the publication of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), we investigated: How ICF applications align with ICF aims, contents and principles, and how the ICF has been used to improve measurement of functioning and related statistics.Methods: In a scoping review, we investigated research published 2001–2015 relating to measurement and statistics for evidence of: a change in thinking; alignment of applications with ICF specifications and philosophy; and the emergence of new knowledge.Results: The ICF is used in diverse applications, settings and countries, with processes largely aligned with the ICF and intended to improve measurement and statistics: new national surveys, information systems and ICF-based instruments; and international efforts to improve disability data. Knowledge is growing about the components and interactions of the ICF model, the diverse effects of the environment on functioning, and the meaning and measurement of participation.Conclusion: The ICF provides specificity and a common language in the complex world of functioning and disability and is stimulating new thinking, new applications in measurement and statistics, and the assembling of new knowledge. Nevertheless, the field needs to mature. Identified gaps suggest ways to improve measurement and statistics to underpin policies, services and outcomes.Implications for RehabilitationThe ICF offers a conceptualization of functioning and disability that can underpin assessment and documentation in rehabilitation, with a growing body of experience to draw on for guidance.Experience with the ICF reminds practitioners to consider all the domains of participation, the effect of the environment on participation and the importance of involving clients/patients in assessment and service planning.Understanding the variability of functioning within everyday environments and designing interventions for removing barriers in various environments is a vital part of rehabilitation planning.
    International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health (ICF) is one of core classifications launched by WHO. This paper discussed interactive model of functioning and disability and terminological system based on ICF and approaches of the developments of standardized measurement instruments.
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    Implications of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) on the development and use of tests in school settings are enumerated. We predict increased demand for behavioural assessments that consider a person’s activities, participation and person-environment interactions, including measures that: (a) address contextual features; (b) rely on third-party respondents; (c) depend on observational approaches; (d) comprise batteries of tests developed simultaneously or co-normed and (e) emphasize process and progress monitoring. We review some tests from the United States that respond to each emerging demand and describe the international implications of these demands. We close by describing the implications of the ICF model and its associated changes in testing practices for service delivery and student outcomes.
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