The Ecology of Intertidal Gastropods
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Intertidal ecology
Vertical distribution of intertidal molluscs in and around Mumbai had been studied. Each species has an upper and lower limit of distribution along the vertical intertidal gradient and are concentrated at particular levels or zones where they find optimum living conditions. Zonation of the intertidal area with reference to molluscs at rocky shores of TIFR, Bandstand and NCPA has similarities. However, there is no similarity in zonation among rocky, sandy and muddy shores. Rocky intertidal zones are more diverse and dense in terms of molluscs. The mid and lower littoral zones have rich diversity. The upper littoral zone at some sites, especially Girgaon chowpatty is totally devoid of molluscs due to anthropogenic activities. Gafrarium divaricatum, Nerita oryzarum, N. polita and Neritina crepidularia have established themselves in all three marked zones, indicating their power to adjust with the wide fluctuations in surrounding environmental conditions.
Intertidal ecology
Rocky shore
Supralittoral zone
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Intertidal ecology
Rocky shore
Tide pool
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The rocky intertidal zone is among the most physically harsh environments on earth. Marine invertebrates and algae living in this habitat are alternatively pounded by waves and exposed to thermal extremes during low tide periods (Denny and Wethey, 2001). Additionally, they must deal with strong selective pressures related to predation and competition for space (Connell, 1961). As a result, the steep physical gradient and spatially condensed community has made the rocky intertidal zone an ideal "natural laboratory" to study the coupled role of physical and biological factors in determining the abundance and distribution of organisms in nature (Connell, 1961; Paine, 1966, 1994).
Intertidal ecology
Rocky shore
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Vertical zonation of intertidal organisms, from the shallow subtidal to the supralittoral zones, is a ubiquitous feature of temperate and tropical rocky shores. Organisms that live higher on the shore experience larger daily and seasonal fluctuations in microhabitat conditions, due to their greater exposure to terrestrial conditions during emersion. Comparative analyses of the adaptive linkage between physiological tolerance limits and vertical distribution are the most powerful when the study species are closely related and occur in discrete vertical zones throughout the intertidal range. Here, I summarize work on the physiological tolerance limits of rocky intertidal zone porcelain crab species of the genus Petrolisthes to emersion-related heat stress. In the eastern Pacific, Petrolisthes species live throughout temperate and tropical regions, and are found in discrete vertical intertidal zones in each region. Whole organism thermal tolerance limits of Petrolisthes species, and thermal limits of heart and nerve function reflect microhabitat conditions. Species living higher in the intertidal zone are more eurythermal than low-intertidal congeners, tropical species have the highest thermal limits, and the differences in thermal tolerance between low- and high-intertidal species is greatest for temperate crabs. Acclimation of thermal limits of high-intertidal species is restricted as compared to low-intertidal species. Thus, because thermal limits of high-intertidal species are near current habitat temperature maxima, global warming could most strongly impact intertidal species.
Intertidal ecology
Rocky shore
Tide pool
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Intertidal ecology
Shoal
Tidal flat
Tidal range
Tidal current
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Abstract Records of intertidal macrofauna, mostly collected since 1974, were analysed by the use of a 10×10 km plotting system. Data have been obtained on 208 such squares of the total of378 straddling the intertidal, or 55.0 %. Adequate data were available on 103 species. Nine of 37 obligate intertidal species (24 %) appear to reach distributional limits towards cooler seas going clockwise around Iceland from the south coast. The presence of warm springs in the intertidal extends the range of one species far beyond the main limits. There is no example of obligate intertidal species reaching distributional limits towards warmer seas within Iceland, emphasizing the non-arctic character of the intertidal fauna Of66 species occurring both in the intertidal and subtidal, II (17 %) reach distributional limits towards cooler seas in the intertidal and appear not to penetrate further subtidally, while one species (I %) may show the reverse pattern oflimits towards warmer seas. However, some 34 intertidal-subtidal species (51 %) show a more restricted distribution in the intertidal than in the subtidal, the restriction being to the warmer coastal regions in all but one instance. Low and variable air temperatures probably become critical to these species on colder coasts. Distributional limits in the intertidal, both of obligate intertidal species and of those also found in the subtidal, tended to concentrate in regions ofthe coasts with relatively abrupt temperature changes, while there were also instances oflimits along stretches of coasts with uniform temperatures.
Intertidal ecology
Obligate
Tide pool
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Because their lower ability of movement, mullusc in the intertidal zone are always studied as an indicator of the relationship between organisms and environment. From 1987-1999 mullusc in the intertidal zone were collected. 242 species of mollusc .belonging to 60 families, are recognized, 3 species belonging to Amphineara. 117 species belonging to Lamellibranchia, 122 species belonging to Gastrpda. The results show that tropical and subtropical warm water species distributed in the East China Sea and the South China sea are the major species in fauna of mullusc on intertidal zone of Daya Bay.
Intertidal ecology
China sea
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Intertidal ecology
Rocky shore
Tidal range
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Intertidal ecology
Rocky shore
Coastal Management
Elevation (ballistics)
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Rocky shore
Intertidal ecology
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