Composite materials for thermoelectric applications
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Keywords:
Thermoelectric cooling
Thermal energy
Thermoelectric generator
Heat energy
In this work, a modeling and experimental study of a new thermoelectric cooler–thermoelectric generator (TEC-TEG) module is investigated. The studied module is composed of TEC, TEG and total system heatsink, all connected thermally in series. An input voltage (1–5 V) passes through the TEC where the electrons by means of Peltier effect entrain the heat from the upper side of the module to the lower one creating temperature difference; TEG plays the role of a partial heatsink for the TEC by transferring this waste heat to the total system heatsink and converting an amount of this heat into electricity by a phenomenon called Seebeck effect, of the thermoelectric modules. The performance of the TEG as partial heatsink of TEC at different input voltages is demonstrated theoretically using the modeling software COMSOL Multiphysics. Moreover, the experiment validates the simulation result which smooths the path for a new manufacturing thermoelectric cascade model for the cooling and the immediate electric power generation.
Thermoelectric generator
Thermoelectric cooling
Multiphysics
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Thermoelectric generator
Thermoelectric cooling
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Waste heat recovery is one way to reduce the use of fossil fuels, one of them is by using thermoelectric generator to convert waste heat into Thermoelectric Generator (TEGs) is a module that can convert heat into electrical power directly, using Seebeck effect and Peltier effect as its working principle, so it can increase efficiency of energy consumption by utilizing waste heat from an instrument that generate waste heat. The focus of this research is to find the output voltage of TEG by utilizing the temperature difference on the cold side and the heat side of the TEGs. The heat side of the module will be given heat from the heater as a simulation of the heat from hot water, and on the cold side heat pipes will be used to remove the heat on the cold side of TEGs. The result, output voltage that generated by using 4 module TEGs that arranged to Thermal Series - Series Circuit and using 2 heat pipes is 2.1-volt, and then it is possible to use for phone charger.
Thermoelectric generator
Thermoelectric cooling
Thermal energy
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Thermoelectric cooling
Thermoelectric generator
Coefficient of performance
Cooling load
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This study investigates the thermal and electrical behaviour of an energetic system composed of a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) module, used as a heat source, and a thermoelectric generator (TEG) module. TEG device worked in this configuration as an energy conversion module for heat recovery and the use of heat released by TEC during its cooling. Under a temperature gradient between its external plates, the TEG module converts thermal energy into electrical energy. TEC-TEG system is cooled in two ways: by natural convection cooling with air circulation under free convection through aluminium heat sink fins and forced convection cooling with a system containing an externally powered cooler in direct contact with the heat sink. The mode of operation for the TEC-TEG system was tested under a gradually increased load resistance, from 3 Ω to 80 Ω. The main critical parameters were investigated and discussed: temperatures of thermoelectric modules, the temperature difference between TEG plates, output voltage, current, power and efficiency of thermoelectric conversion.
Thermoelectric generator
Thermoelectric cooling
Thermal energy
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In recent years, thermoelectricity sees rapidly increasing usages in applications like portable refrigerators, beverage coolers, electronic component coolers etc. when used as Thermoelectric Cooler (TEC), and Thermoelectric Generators (TEG) which make use of the Seebeck effect in semiconductors for the direct conversion of heat into electrical energy and is of particular interest for systems of highest reliability or for waste heat recovery. In this work, we examine the performance of commercially available TEC and TEG. A prototype TEC‐refrigerator has been designed, modeled and constructed for in‐car applications. Additionally, a TEG was made, in order to measure the gained power and efficiency. Furthermore, a TEG module was tested on a small size car (Toyota Starlet, 1300 cc), in order to measure the gained power and efficiency for various engine loads. With the use of a modeling approach, we evaluated the thermal contact resistances and their influence on the final device efficiency.
Thermoelectric cooling
Thermoelectric generator
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Internal combustion (IC) engines typically have an efficiency of less than 35%. This is largely due to the fact that much of the energy dissipates into waste heat. However, the waste heat may be converted into electricity by using energy conversion modules made from bismuth telluride. In this work, it is demonstrated that electricity can be generated from waste heat due to the difference in temperatures. The thermal to electrical energy conversion is achieved by using a self-assembled thermoelectric generator (TEG). The TEG (thermoelectric generator) uses two different types of metallic compound semiconductors, known as n-typed and p-typed, to create voltage when the junctions are held at different temperatures. The work mechanism is based on the Seebeck effect. In this study, the TEGs are made from bismuth telluride (Bi-Te) with relatively high energy conversion efficiencies. In addition, it is readily available. The installation location of the TEG is studied. For testing purposes and convenience, the top of the radiator of a 1990 Mazda Miata car was chosen. The TEG and an aluminum finned heat sink were placed in order on the top of the radiator. Thermal paste was applied to both surfaces and secured with zip ties. A vent was cut on the hood of the car to promote airflow between the fins. Appropriate electrical wiring allowed the unit to output to a digital multi-meter which was located within the car for operator to take data. It is found from the measured results that 0.948 V is the maximum output and the average voltage is 0.751 V. The highest voltage came from driving mountain paths due to the heat sink and coolant temperature being higher than nominal. We estimate that placing an insulator between the heat sink and TEG would push the maximum voltage over 1.0 V. During the cool down phase, the TEG produced electricity continuously with a maximum voltage of 0.9 V right after engine cutoff. The voltage decreased to about 0.6 V within 40 minutes. It is found that the relationship between the temperature difference and output voltage is linear.
Thermoelectric generator
Radiator (engine cooling)
Heat Engine
Thermal energy
Bismuth telluride
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Energy crisis is major problem in this era. Thermoelectric generator is a promising solution for this problem. This research aims to recover waste heat energy from automobile by converting it into electrical energy using thermoelectric generator. Thermoelectric generator is applied at automobile exhaust system to produce electrical energy from heat energy directly with a phenomenon called see-beck effect. This work develops a heat exchanger model with thermoelectric generator for automobile waste heat recovery in which heat source and cold sink are actually modeled. Main emphasis is put on effective temperature difference across the TEGs to get better performance of the exhaust waste heat recovery system. This research shows that the model is able to produce up to 2.67 W energy using 3 Numbers of TEGs in this design.
Thermoelectric generator
Energy Recovery
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Heat of combustion
Thermal energy
Heat energy
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Peltier device based thermoelectric generator is the environment friendly methodology than conventional cooling system. The main purpose to this system is cooling of different biomedical contents which are to be kept cold during travelling. Another purpose of this system is to design environment friendly cooling system. As in conventional cooling systems, there is lots of emission of gases which are harmful to environment as well as they harms ozone layer also. It leads to the severe problem like global warming. To overcome from this problem we designed a system which is friendly to the environment and which does not emits gases. Based on the theory given by scientists Thomas Seeback (1823) and Jean Peltier (1834) which are known as Seeback effect and peltier effect. We designed our system which is efficient and best alternative to the conventional cooling systems. When a DC current is passed through a Peltier device, the low temperature side absorbs heat and the high temperature side emits heat, so that a temperature difference exists across the sides of the peltier devices. A Peltier Module fitted between a aluminum cage and a heat extractor like an aluminum block for use as a cooling device is called a Cooler Unit. While using thermoelectric effect in system the efficiency of the system also increases. In this paper we give small details of thermoelectric generator. The model is tested and verified with proper hardware and software and results are found to be satisfactory.
Thermoelectric generator
Thermoelectric cooling
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