L-DOPA decarboxylase mRNA expression is associated with tumor stage and size in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study
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Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide. The DDC gene encodes L-DOPA decarboxylase, an enzyme catalyzing the decarboxylation of L-DOPA to dopamine. We have recently shown that DDC mRNA is a significant predictor of patients' prognosis in colorectal adenocarcinoma and prostate cancer. The aim of the current study was to analyze the DDC mRNA expression in HNSCC patients.53 malignant tumors were resected from the larynx, pharynx, tongue, buccal mucosa, parotid glands, and nasal cavity, as well as from 34 adjacent non-cancerous tissues of HNSCC patients, and were homogenized. Total RNA was isolated and converted into first-strand cDNA. An ultrasensitive real-time PCR method based on the SYBR Green chemistry was used for DDC mRNA quantification in head and neck tissue specimens. Relative quantification was performed using the comparative Ct (2-ddCt) method.DDC mRNA levels were lower in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the larynx and tongue than in adjacent non-cancerous tissue specimens. Furthermore, low DDC mRNA expression was noticed in laryngeal and tongue tumors of advanced TNM stage or bigger size, compared to early-stage or smaller tumors, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed between SCCs resected from pharynx, buccal mucosa, or nasal cavity, and their normal counterparts.This is the first study examining the DDC mRNA expression in HNSCC. According to our results, DDC mRNA expression may constitute a potential prognostic biomarker in tongue and/or larynx SCCs, which principally represent the overwhelming majority of HNSCC cases.It is a strange fact that although pulmonary tuberculosis carries off more of the human race than any other disease, its local manifestations in the upper respiratory tract occur with comparative infrequency. The larynx is much more often affected than the pharynx. In 1226 cases of tuberculosis, Heinze found the larynx involved in 276 or 30.6 per cent. Mackenzie, in 100 cases in the second and third stages, found changes in the larynx in 71. Tuberculosis of the pharynx must be regarded as an extremely rare condition. Lennox Browne12 states that acute tuberculous sore throat occurs in about 1 per cent. of all cases of tuberculosis of the upper air-passages. This percentage, according to the censensus of opinion, is if anything too large. Willigk, in 1307 autopsies, found only 1 case of pharyngeal tuberculosis.
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Throat
Respiratory tract
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To evaluate the trends and the clinical changes in tuberculosis of pharynx and larynx.The clinical data of 32 patients with tuberculosis of pharynx and larynx from Jan. 1982 to Dec. 2000 in Daping hospital were studied retrospectively.(1) The local manifestations were mainly single lesion that commonly involved the vocal cord (10 cases). (2) The lesions appearances were mainly the proliferation such as mass (11 cases) or granulation(8 cases). (3) anti-tuberculosis is the main treatment, the operation is the second. Twelve patients cured in clinic, six patients received operation and cured without any complications. Fourteen patients condition controlled.The classical manifestations with tuberculosis of pharynx and larynx were not exited, the new clinical manifestations were associated with local lesion in nowadays.
Pharyngeal Diseases
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The goal of the present study was to establish the occurrence of structural disorders in the larynx and pharynx during treadmill exercise tests in horses diagnosed with Equine Asthma (EA).Investigation was performed in 29 horses, patients of the Equine Clinic of the Warsaw University of Life Sciences in Poland, admitted with poor exercise performance.Upper and lower airway examinations were performed in all patients revealing both mild to moderate Equine Asthma (13 horses), and no lower airway abnormalities (16 animals).In the group of horses with EA, 11 did not have structural disorders of the pharynx and larynx at rest.During exercise two horses were free of abnormalities, while 11 had structural disorders, eight of them solely in the pharynx, two in the larynx, and one in both the pharynx and larynx.In the non-asthmatic group, 11 horses had no structural disorders during resting endoscopy.Endoscopy performed during exercise revealed disorders of the larynx in 10 horses, of the pharynx in three horses, and in both the larynx and pharynx in the remaining three horses.In conclusion: horses with diagnosed EA frequently have disorders of the pharynx during treadmill exercise tests, while without EA, often have disorders of the larynx.Endoscopy of upper airways during exercise testing is a valuable tool in the diagnosis of poor performance in horses with lower airway inflammatory disease.
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Patients suffering from cancer of head and neck are at risk of nutritional depletion. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of type, location and stage of tumors in nutritional status.A population of 230 consecutive patients with head and neck cancer was enrolled. A nutritional evaluation was realized.The distribution of tumour sites was: oral cavity (77 patients), pharynx (30 patients) and larynx (123 patients). Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) test showed significant differences. Midly malnourished frequency is higher in larynx site than others. Severely malnourished is higher in larynx and oral cavity than pharynx. In pharynx, larynx and oral cavity tumours is more frequent to be well nourished than severely malnourished. In pharynx and larynx tumours is more frequent to be mildly malnourished than severely malnourished. In stages II, III and IV are more frequent to be well nourished than severely malnourished and in stages II and III is more frequent to be mildly malnourished than severely malnourished.SGA test shows a good nutritional status in patients with head and neck tumours. However, SGA test shows statistical differences in some categories of tumours stages or sites.
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Objective: To avaluate the trends and the clinical changes in tuberculosis of pharynx and larynx, Methods: The clinical data of 39 patients with pathologically confirmed tuberculosis of pharynx and larynx were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Thirty-nine patients had many different features as compared with those of the past in such aspects as age, local lesion, and clinical manifestations. All patients were cure by anti-tuberculosis medicine. Conclusion: Tuberculosis of pharynx and larynx is unrecognized for the diversity feature. Early biopsy examination would avoide misdiagnosis.
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Objective: To explore the diagnosis and treatment method for primary pharynx and larynx tuberculosis.Methods: The clinical data of misdiagnosis for 24 patients with primary pharynx and larynx tuberculosis were retrospectively analyzed.Results: They were confirmed by pathological diagnosis and cured by standardized chemotherapy.During a follow-up from 6 months to 5 years,no tuberculosis relapsed.Conclusion: Patients with the pharynx and larynx being ill or hoarseness should be considered tuberculosis,and the fashionable union fungus element experiment and the pathology inspection diagnosis should be performed.
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The present paper on head and neck cancers analyses oral cavity pharynx and larynx cancers in the database of the Italian Network of Cancer Registries (pool AIRT) during the period 1986-1997. The analysis of 7,234 oral cavity incident cases shows diverging trends between sexes; in fact, rates decrease significantly among males and increase among females. Oral cavity cancer mortality rates (3,032 deaths) significantly decrease in the period 1986-1997 in both sexes. As regards to pharynx (3,728 incident cases and 2,517 deaths), decreasing trends have been observed for both incidence and mortality, statistically significant only among males. Larynx cancers (9,842 incident cases and 3,946 deaths) showed a significant decreasing trend for both incidence and mortality, among males; trends are stable among females. In the present report we refer to head and neck cancers as those arising in the anatomical sites coded in ICDO-2 with C00-C14 (cancer of the lip, oral cavity and pharynx) and C32 (larynx). Such a grouping is justified, at least for epithelial histological types, as these cancers share a common series of risk factors: EBV, HPIV, smoke, alcohol, diet and professional exposures.
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In the article, the author presented the results of a study of the state of the pharynx and larynx in workers of the aluminum production, depending on the length of service. The most toxic of the fluorine compounds is hydrogen fluoride, which, in addition to general toxic effects, has a local effect on the body, characterized by a predominant lesion of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract. Almost all hydrogen fluoride inhaled with air is retained in the upper respiratory tract. This is one of the important reasons for the violation of the condition of the pharynx and larynx. Of the total number of workers examined, 578 workers showed changes in the state of the pharynx and in 125 the state of the larynx. All surveyed were divided depending on the duration of work experience. The huge number of those surveyed for certain age groups, which exceeds more than 100 people, gives grounds to consider the revealed results sufficiently reliable to determine the volume of the affected population in the studied contingent and allows, quite reasonably, to analyze the age and experience dynamics of the lesion. The materials obtained showed that the weakening of the protective functions of the epithelium of the nasal cavity makes the mucous membrane of the pharynx and larynx more sensitive to harmful factors of the working environment, prolonged exposure to harmful industrial factors, such as a significant concentration of dust and various chemical compounds cause deeper damage to the mucous membrane of the pharynx and larynx and damage the upper respiratory tract becomes descending.
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For the last eight years at the Roentgen and Light Institute, in Cologne, Germany, Coutard protracted roentgen therapy has been in use. Glauner, Teufel and Daigger1reported its use in cases of malignant tumors of the mouth, pharynx, hypopharynx and larynx. In analyzing their statistics, they found that results of the treatment of cancers of the mouth, pharynx and hypopharynx by Coutard's method do not compare favorably with results from surgical intervention reported by other clinics. A possible exception was made for carcinomas of the larynx and highly malignant types of growth in the pharynx and the tonsillar region. In cases of growths in these locations, they asserted, any comparison of the Coutard therapy with surgical intervention is not entirely convincing, since operation often is attempted first. Lierle2reviewed 169 cases of epidermoid carcinoma which involved the buccal mucosa, pharynx or larynx. All patients had been observed for three to
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Epidermoid carcinoma
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