Cumulative Live-Birth Rates after In Vitro Fertilization
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Outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment are traditionally reported as pregnancies per IVF cycle. However, a couple's primary concern is the chance of a live birth over an entire treatment course.We estimated cumulative live-birth rates among patients undergoing their first fresh-embryo, nondonor IVF cycle between 2000 and 2005 at one large center. Couples were followed until either discontinuation of treatment or delivery of a live-born infant. Analyses were stratified according to maternal age and performed with the use of both optimistic and conservative methods. Optimistic methods assumed that patients who did not return for subsequent IVF cycles would have the same chance of a pregnancy resulting in a live birth as patients who continued treatment; conservative methods assumed no live births among patients who did not return.Among 6164 patients undergoing 14,248 cycles, the cumulative live-birth rate after 6 cycles was 72% (95% confidence interval [CI], 70 to 74) with the optimistic analysis and 51% (95% CI, 49 to 52) with the conservative analysis. Among patients who were younger than 35 years of age, the corresponding rates after six cycles were 86% (95% CI, 83 to 88) and 65% (95% CI, 64 to 67). Among patients who were 40 years of age or older, the corresponding rates were 42% (95% CI, 37 to 47) and 23% (95% CI, 21 to 25). The cumulative live-birth rate decreased with increasing age, and the age-stratified curves (< 35 vs. > or = 40 years) were significantly different from one another (P<0.001).Our results indicate that IVF may largely overcome infertility in younger women, but it does not reverse the age-dependent decline in fertility.Keywords:
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Summary. Two groups of men were retrospectively selected according to their observed success in in-vitro fertilization. Seminal and post-migration sperm samples from a low fertilization rate group (≤33% cleaved embryos) have been compared to results obtained from a high fertilization rate group (≥ 66%). It was found that a low mean value of the amplitude of lateral sperm head displacement and an increased percentage of abnormal acrosomes were related to in-vitro fertilization failure. None of the individual sperm factors studied was found to determine in-vitro fertilization success with certainty; only when they were considered in combination was it possible to predict the likelihood of successful in-vitro fertilization of human oocytes.
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In order to verify application effects of type of formula fertilization for rice, field tests were carried out. The results showed that the rice yield of Mountain type formula fertilization was higher than that of other fertilization treatments. The plant height, spike length, filled grain number and grain weight were also better than those of other fertilization treatments. Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, the yield of mountain type formula fertilization increased by 4.29%-5.51%, and the increased output value was 1 579.5-1 903.5 yuan/hm2.
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Experiments were conducted on different fertilization in Castanea mollissima stands in Tonglu, Zhejiang province, with four treatments, including no fertilization, reducing fertilization, conventional fertilization and increment fertilization. The result showed that the biomass of soil microorganisms in the chestnut forest increased with fertilization within certain quantity. The number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were expressed as conventional fertilization increment fertilization reducing fertilization no fertilization. The soil enzyme activity was significantly increased by fertilization, and the activities of sucrase, urease, phosphatase were expressed as increment fertilization conventional fertilization reducing fertilization no fertilization. Different treated stands had no significant effect on single fruit weight. The average single fruit weight ranges from 8.50-8.85g. With the increase of fertilizer quantity, yield of chestnut significantly increased, however, excessive fertilization had negative effect on the yield. The yield of different treated stands ranged from 693.0-1273.5kg/ha.
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The effects of different fertilization modes and levels on the growth and production of maize are studied.On the fertilization ratio(N∶P=1∶1) the 1000-grain weight increases on all levels of fertilization compared with the non-fertilization and increases to the maximum on the middle fertilization level,while it decreases on both the low fertilization and high fertilization levels;while on the fertilization ratio(N∶P=0.5∶1) the production increases with higher fertilization levels and the 1000-grain weight gets to the maximum on the low fertilization level.The diameter,shoot height and number of the leaves increase in the similar pattern on different fertilization modes.The fertilization has significant effects on them compared with the non-fertilization.The three indicators have little changes on the middle and higher levels.The two different fertilization modes have significant difference in the low fertilization level.It can be concluded that in low ratio of N and P the production increases with the fertilization level and the N is the limitting factor.While in the high ratio of N and P the production increases at first and decreases,the P becomes the limiting factor.To get high production the fertilization levels should be on the middle level on two different fertilization modes from the economic prospect.The study is to provide theoretical guidance for the proper fertilization of the maize in Three Gorges Region.
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Objective:To discuss the reasons refering to IVF fertilization failure or low fertilization rate.Methods: The data of the patients refering to IVF fertilization failure or low fertilization rate during July 2009 and June 2011 were analyzed.A contrast group of the randomly selective patients who had a good fertilization rate during the same period was established.The differences between the two above groups were compared.Results: The number of patients refering to fertilization failure or low fertilization rate was 47 in a total of 1308 cases.The incidence rate was 3.6%.Ovum mature rate and normal sperm rate were statistically different between the fertilization failure or low fertilization rate group and the control one.Conclusions: The main factors leading to IVF failure or low fertilization rate were ovum mature rate and normal sperm rate.
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