Effects of combined lower body endurance and upper body resistance training on the satellite cell pool in elderly subjects
Julien VerneyFawzi KadiNadia CharifiLéonard FéassonMohamed Ali SaafiJosiane CastellsKarin Piehl‐AulinChristian Denis
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Abstract:
To distinguish the respective potential of endurance and resistance training to increase the satellite cell pool, we investigated the effects of 14 weeks of concurrent lower body endurance and upper body resistance training (3 sessions/week) on vastus lateralis (VLat) and deltoid (Del) muscles of 10 active elderly men. NCAM+ satellite cells and myonuclear number were assessed in VLat and Del. After 14 weeks of training the NCAM+ satellite cell pool increased similarly (+38%) in both muscles, mainly in type II muscle fibers (P < 0.05). There was no significant change in myonuclear number or myonuclear domain in either muscle. Combining resistance training in the upper limbs with endurance training in the lower limbs is an efficient strategy to enhance the satellite cell pool in upper and lower body muscles in elderly subjects. Our results provide a practical reference for the determination of optimal exercise protocols to improve muscle function and regeneration in the elderly.Keywords:
Upper body
Endurance Training
Lower body
Vastus lateralis muscle
The aim of the present investigation was to compare the acute non-localized post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) of an exercise protocol involving either the upper or the lower body muscles. Twenty-four resistance trained men participated in the present study and were randomly assigned to an upper body (UB) or to a lower body (LB) group. Both groups tested for upper and lower body power (bench press throw (BPT) and countermovement jump power (CMJP) tests). Participants in the UB group were tested pre and post a high-intensity (HI) and a high-power (POW) bench press protocol while participants in the LB group performed a HI squat and a jump session (POW). A significant group × time interaction was found for CMJP in HI (p = 0.012). Post hoc tests revealed that CMJP was elevated in UB group only (+1.6%; p = 0.025). No other significant interactions were detected. Results of this study indicate that a non-localized PAPE on the lower body may be induced by a HI bench press protocol while a HI squat protocol may not increase upper body power. In particular, the squat protocol performed in the present study (5 sets of 1 rep) may be too demanding to produce a non-localized PAPE.
Bench press
Squat
Upper body
Lower body
Countermovement
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The purpose of this study is to explore components of anaerobic power within the upper and lower body for Korean National Team boxers, and to understand the relationship between upper and lower body anaerobic power in the boxers. Twenty-six National Korean boxers volunteered for this study. The Wingate test was conducted for 30 seconds to measure anaerobic power, and to obtain the peak power and mean power measurements for the upper and lower body of the boxers. In looking at the peak power levels, the upper body peak power was higher than the lower body peak power in the Korean boxers. Findings revealed that the lower body mean power was higher than upper body mean power. Although the upper body peak power is more important for boxing, upper body peak power was correlated to lower body peak power (r = 0.516, p < 0.05) and lower body mean power (r = 0.485, p < 0.05). It was also found that upper body mean power was correlated to lower body mean power (r = 0.477, p < 0.05). From this, the indication is that maximizing the peak power of the upper body is contingent upon increasing the power from lower body’s anaerobic ability. This study in its practical application can help to identify which body parts need to be trained for the elite boxers; provides fundamental research that gives a direction for more effective boxing training strategies in order to establishes a standard of anaerobic power and establish the appropriateness of using the Wingate test as an effective tool for conducting anaerobic assessments.
Wingate test
Upper body
Lower body
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Lower body
Upper body
Aerobic Exercise
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The purpose of the study was to compare upper body power and lower body strength between volleyball and handball players. To conduct the study, fifteen volleyball and handball players were selected as sample. The selection of volleyball and handball players was participation in inter college level tournament. To fulfill the objectives of the present study, fifteen volleyball and handball players from colleges in Amravati were also selected. The age range of selected subjects from both the groups was within 18 to 25 years. The tools and instruments were used to collect data: Upper body power measured by two hand medicine balls put (6 lbs) and lower body strength measured by standing vertical jump. The analysis of data, collected by administering the standard test to the player’s t-test was employed at 0.05 level of significant. Result showing that there was no significant difference between the volleyball and handball players in upper body power and significant difference found in lower body strength.
Upper body
Lower body
Vertical jump
Tournament
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Shaw, BS, Shaw, I, and Brown, GA. Comparison of resistance and concurrent resistance and endurance training regimes in the development of strength. J Strength Cond Res 23(9): 2507-2514, 2009-Resistance and endurance training are often performed concurrently in most exercise programs and in rehabilitative settings in an attempt to acquire gains in more than 1 physiologic system. However, it has been proposed that by simultaneously performing these 2 modes of exercise training, the strength gains achieved by resistance training alone may be impaired. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of 16 weeks of resistance training and concurrent resistance and endurance training on muscular strength development in 38 sedentary, apparently healthy males (25 yr ± 8 mo). Subjects were age-matched and randomly assigned to either a control (Con) group (n = 12), resistance training (Res) group (n = 13), or concurrent resistance and endurance training (Com) group (n = 13). After 16 weeks, no changes were found in the strength of the subjects in the Con group. Resistance training and concurrent resistance and endurance training significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved strength in all of the 8 prescribed exercises. The data also indicated that 16 weeks of concurrent resistance training and endurance training was as effective in eliciting improvements in strength as resistance training alone in previously sedentary males. As such, concurrent resistance and endurance training does not impede muscular strength gains and can be prescribed simultaneously for the development of strength in sedentary, apparently healthy males and thus may invoke all the physiologic adaptations of resistance and endurance training at once.
Endurance Training
Strength Training
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Upper body
Lower body
Body shape
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Introduction: It is unknown whether resistance training intensity or total volume of work affects the acute testosterone response to a greater extent. Purpose: Therefore, the circulating testosterone response was investigated following four resistance training protocols where total volume of work was held constant: moderate intensity (70% 1RM) upper body (bench press, bent barbell row, and military press), moderate intensity lower body (squat and deadlift), high intensity (90% 1RM) upper body, high intensity lower body. Methods: Total volume of work performed by each participant between protocols was maintained by adjusting the number of sets and or repetitions performed. Ten healthy, resistance trained men volunteered, and performed exercise protocols on separate days in a counterbalanced order. Capillary blood was obtained via finger stick at baseline (pre), immediately following the exercise session (post), and 1h post for the determination of testosterone concentration. Data were analyzed using a factorial ANOVA and significance was accepted at p≤ 0.05. Results: Both moderate intensity resistance protocols (upper and lower body) significantly increased testosterone concentration (p=0.026, and p=0.024 respectively), whereas the high intensity protocols elevated testosterone but failed to achieve significance (upper p=0.272, lower p=0.658). No difference was noted in post session testosterone concentration between upper and lower body protocols for either moderate (p=0.248) or high intensity (p=0.990). Conclusion: This may be useful for novice resistance trained individuals because it provides evidence that moderate intensity is sufficient to increase testosterone compared to high intensity protocols that could be associated with a greater risk of injury. Keywords: hormone response, equal total work, high intensity protocol
Upper body
Lower body
Constant (computer programming)
Intensity
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It has been shown that older individuals can improve or maintain muscular strength and power by resistance training; however, it is unclear how the magnitude of their responses to resistance training compare to those of younger individuals. Therefore, we measured upper and lower body strength (one repetition maximum (1RM)) and power in eight older women (OW, 60.4 ± 1.3 yrs) and nine younger women (YW, 25.9 ± 1.2 yrs) before and after 12 weeks of progressive resistance training (RT; 2 d/wk, 3 sets/exercise/d) performed at 80% of the 1RM. Fat-free mass was similar (43.1 ±2 vs. 43.1 ±1 kg) in OW and YW. All RT, 1RM and power measurements were made on Keiser pneumatic resistance equipment. Below are the changes (mean ± SE) in 1RM and power at 80% of 1RM in two muscle groups after 12 weeks of RT:Table Regardless of age, all of the women (n=17) increased upper and lower body strength and power with RT (p<0.05). Increases in left knee extensor strength, upper body strength, and upper and lower body power were similar between OW and YW; however, OW increased right knee extensor strength less than YW. These data demonstrate that older and younger women have a similar capacity for improving upper and lower body muscular strength and power.
Lower body
Upper body
Leg press
One-repetition maximum
Strength Training
Muscle power
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In this study the physiological significance of the upper and lower body on thermoregulation and sensation are examined. Experiments were carried out on 4 females in a climatic chamber conditioned at 25±1℃, 50±5% R.H.. Before the measurements, subjects were exposed to 3 types of enviromental temperature: 1) 25±1℃ for 60 min.(ST), 2) 25℃→35℃→25℃ for about 40 min.(HT), 3) 25℃→15℃→ 25C for about 40 min.(LT) covering the upper body (U) or lower body (L) with garments. 1) Tre was significantly higher in L than in U only in ST condition. TSk and Temp. under the clothing were higher in U than in L in all three conditions. Thermal sensation was warmer in U than in L, and comfort sensation was most comfortable in HT condition. 2) When the upper or lower body was covered or exposed, the mean skin temperature of the upper body was higher than that of the lower body. Following covering and uncovering the same area, the changes in skin temperature were greater in the upper body than in lower body, and covering the upper body produced a greater difference of skin temperature between body and lower body than covering the lower body. 3) In all environmental conditions, when the upper body was uncovered, `the skin temperatures of the chest, upper arms and forearms dropped to a considerable degree, and when the lower body was uncovered, skin temperatures of the legs showed the same pattern. On the other hand, skin temperature of the thinghs showed only little change in all cases except forehead and back uncovered or covered in two clothing types.
Lower body
Skin Temperature
Upper body
Thermal sensation
Sensation
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It has been reported previously that the upper body musculature is continually active during high intensity cycle ergometry. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of prior upper body exercise on subsequent Wingate (WAnT) performance. Eleven recreationally active males (20.8 ± 2.2 yrs; 77.7 ± 12.0 kg; 1.79 ± 0.04 m) completed two trials in a randomised order. In one trial participants completed 2×30 s WAnT tests (WAnT1 and WAnT2) with a 6 min recovery period; in the other trial, this protocol was preceded with 4 sets of biceps curls to induce localised arm fatigue. Prior upper body exercise was found to have a statistically significant detrimental effect on peak power output (PPO) during WAnT1 (P 0.05). Handgrip (HG) strength was also found to be significantly lower following the upper body exercise. These results demonstrate that the upper body is meaningfully involved in the generation of leg power during intense cycling.
Upper body
Wingate test
Lower body
Cycle ergometer
Cycling
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