ALIEN MARINE SPECIES OF LIBYA: FIRST INVENTORY AND NEW RECORDS IN EL-KOUF NATIONAL PARK (CYRENAICA) AND THE NEIGHBOURING AREAS
Hocein BazaïriYassine Ramzi SghaierIbrahem BenamerHabib LangarGérard PergentEssam BourasMarc VerlaqueJamila Ben SoussiArgyro Zenetos
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Abstract:
The presence of marine alien species in El-Kouf National Park and the neighbouring areas was assessed using a compilation of available information and observations, a field survey conducted on October 2010 in the framework of the MedMPAnet project and results of further monitoring during June and September 2012. A total of 9 alien species were reported: the Rhodophyta Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan de Saint-Léon, the Chlorophyta Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea (Sonder) Verlaque, Huisman & Boudouresque, the crab Percnon gibbesi (H. Milne-Edwards, 1853) and the fishes Fistularia commersonii Rüppell, 1838, Siganus luridus (Rüppell, 1829), Siganus rivulatus Forsskål, 1775, Pempheris vanicolensis Cuvier, 1831, Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789) and Sphyraena flavicauda Rüppell, 1838. Several of them were until now unknown for the National Park. The list of alien marine species of Libya is updated and discussed. Until now 63 marine aliens species were recorded along the Libyan coasts. These include 3 Foraminifera, 3 Ochrophyta, 5 Rhodophyta, 5 Chlorophyta, 1 Magnoliophyta, 11 Arthropoda, 13 Mollusca, 1 Echinodermata and 21 Chordata. Among these Non Indigenous Species, 43 are known as established along the Libyan coast including 8 invasive, 11 casual, 6 questionable, 3 cryptogenic and 1 unknown. An in-depth study of the marine organisms would substantially increase the number of alien species occurring in Libya. Monitoring of marine assemblages of MPAs is a valuable opportunity to go further into the knowledge of native and introduced species.Keywords:
Marine protected area
* Introduction * What Aliens Look Like * Alien Senses * Life at the Edge * Weirder Worlds * Origin of Alien Life * Alien Sex * Communication * Alien Travel * Alien Abduction * Conclusion
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The invasion of alien species can have serious economic and ecological impacts.Ecologically, invasions often lead to an increased rate of native species replacement and decreased biodiversity.A critical step in the dominance of alien species is their successful co-occurrence with native species.In this study, we assessed the occurrence of alien molluscs and their co-occurrence with native molluscs and identified the determining physical-chemical variables.We expected that a combination of some key variables of water quality could provide suitable conditions promoting alien molluscs to occur and to co-occur with native molluscs.The analyses were based on 20-year data, collected from river systems across Flanders (Belgium).Classification Trees (CTs) were used to perform the analyses and to develop the predictive models.Based on CT models, the co-occurrence of alien and native molluscs could be reliably predicted based on physical-chemical variables.However, there was insufficient data to determine the environmental conditions in which alien taxa dominate.From the past to the present, spatial co-occurrence significantly increased.Sinuosity, ammonium and nitrate concentrations, chemical oxygen demand, pH and conductivity were the key determining variables.Our findings suggest that the co-occurrence of alien and native molluscs mainly occurs in straight rivers with good chemical water quality.These results provide insights into the ecology and behaviour of alien species which could support management practices and priority setting for conservation planning in surface waters of Flanders and Europe.
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The series of films Alien (1979), Aliens (1986), Alien (1992), and Alien Resurrection (1997), and the 1999 movie The Matrix illustrate the present state of technological advances in reproductive areas, and posit the anxiety such advances represents.In all these filmic texts, two main aspects are raised: the displacement of the female body as the site of motherhood, and the possibility that human reproduction might no longer need males and females to make it viable.In addition, the films suggest that technology is surely taking over many aspects of reproduction.
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Sixteen species of both native and alien fish were collected and examined for monogenoids from September 2001 to March 2004 in bodies of water located within fishing areas of the Po River (northern Italy). A checklist of monogenoids was compiled and integrated with literature reports of Italian monogenoids, updating the number of known Italian freshwater monogenoids to 35, with 15 new host or locality records (or both). Parasitological data of monogenoids on native and alien demonstrate the ability of alien monogenoids to colonize native hosts. The process of invasion of nonnative monogenoids in Italy started about 30 yr ago and is still ongoing: 17 of the 35 monogenoids now present in Italian freshwaters are considered alien (5 species of monogenoids arrived in Italy from America, 11 from Central Europe, and 1 from Eurasia), 2 are considered native, and the remaining 16 are considered of unknown origin because of our limited knowledge concerning the original distribution of monogenoids.
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Alien immigration into, and alien communities in, London, 1558–1640. By IreneScouloudi, M.SC Get access Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, Volume 16, Issue 48, February 1939, Pages 193–195, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2281.1939.tb01529.x Published: 12 October 2007
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The paper summarized published data on alien and alien invasive fishes (Acti- nopterygii) having been found in Europe and its adjacent waters since the 18th century to the present. At least 109 exotic freshwater fish species belonging to 29 families introduced there are documented. Successful introductions (established or acclimatized species at le- ast in some parts of Europe) of non - native freshwater fishes include at least 38 species (mostly of them originate from Asia and North America, lesser from Middle, South Ame- rica or Africa). Within European waters, some alien fishes can be considered invasive alien ones. A total of 160 sea alien (invasive) fish species have been reported from the Black Sea - Mediterranean Basin. Negative influences of invasive alien species to native ichtyo - fauna are discussed by the authors.
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Alien Enemies and Alien Friends in the United States Alien Enemies and Alien Friends in the United States. By Ernst W. Putt-kammer. 1943. (University of Chicago Press. London: Cambridge University Press. Public Policy Pamphlet No. 39. 7½″ × 5¼″. 23 pp. 25c.) Bertha L. Bracey Bertha L. Bracey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 20, Issue 1, January 1944, Page 155, https://doi.org/10.2307/3016553 Published: 01 January 1944
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This section contains a summary of research activities within the National Park Service areas cooperating with the U.S.-N.P.S Research Center, 1987, including Big Hole National Battlefield, Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area, Bryce Canyon National Park, Canyonlands National Park, Capitol Reef National Park, Custer Battlefield National Monument, Dinosaur National Park, Fort Laramie National Historic Site, Glacier National Park, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, Grand Teton National Park, Jewel Cave National Monument, Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site, Theodore Roosevelt National Park, Wind Cave National Park, Yellowstone National Park and Zion National Park.
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Many countries define nativity at a country-level—taxa are categorised as either alien species or native species. However, there are often substantial within-country biogeographical barriers and so a taxon can be native and alien to different parts of the same country. Here, we use the term ‘native-alien populations’ as a short-hand for populations that result from the human-mediated dispersal of individuals of a species beyond a biogeographical barrier to a point beyond that species’ native range, but that is still within the same political entity as parts of the species’ native range. Based on these criteria, we consider native-alien populations to be biological invasions. However, we argue that, in comparison to other alien populations, native-alien populations: 1) are likely to be closer geographically to their native range; 2) are likely to be phylogenetically and ecologically more similar to native species in their introduced range; and 3) options to control their introduction or manage them will likely be more limited. We argue this means native-alien populations tend to differ from other alien populations in the likelihood of invasion, the types of impacts they have, and in how they can be most effectively managed. We also argue that native-alien populations are similarly a distinct phenomenon from native populations that are increasing in abundance or range extent. And note that native-alien populations are expected to be particularly common in large, ecologically diverse countries with disjunct biomes and ecoregions. Reporting, monitoring, regulating and managing native-alien populations will, we believe, become an increasingly important component of managing global change.
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